Unit 3

1. Unit and Chapter pages-  There are 10 total  units, starting with Unit 0.  Each consists of 2-3 chapters.  

   • Each unit page should have sub-links to chapters (Ex:  APES>Unit 0 >>Chapter 1)

   • Each chapter page should include

     • CHAPTER SUMMARY:  This brief summary/reflection should be more than 5 sentences, less than 10, in your own words.  Focus on what you took away from the chapter’s big ideas/concepts.  

     • LINK TO TEXT:  A link to the chapter pdf  

     • CHAPTER FOLDER:  A private link to your chapter subfolder (carefully set these permissions so that only you and Ms. Stewart have access to the folder and docs!).  In this folder, you should have your:

       • chapter outline (Follow Chapter Outline Guidelines)

       • chapter vocabulary (optional, but helpful!)

       • chapter review questions (optional, but helpful!)

       • labs or activities from the chapter. 

     • Useful Media: Videos, articles, etc.

Study Artifacts: Links to any study materials that you found helpful when preparing for the chapter test.

Module 15: Generalist species thrive in diverse environments and conditions, while specialist species are highly adapted to specific niches and are more vulnerable to environmental changes. The success of a species is determined by its population size, influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors over time. K-selected species are typically large organisms with stable populations near carrying capacity, while r-selected species are smaller organisms with fluctuating populations and high reproductive rates. Species have distinct survival patterns throughout their lifespans, influenced by reproductive strategies and environmental factors. These patterns, categorized into type I, II, and III survivorship curves, along with species type, determine a species' success and ability to withstand pressures like human activity.  

Module 16: The exponential growth model describes a population growing continuously at a fixed rate, but this is unrealistic as populations do not grow indefinitely. The logistic growth mode, however, accounts for carrying capacity, where environmental factors limit population growth. The logistic growth model illustrates how populations slow and stop growing as they approach their carrying capacity, a limit determined by resource availability. Overuse of resources by animal and human populations can severely alter ecosystems, reducing their carrying capacity. Organisms are limited by resources like food and habitat. Even with abundant food, a lack of nesting sites can cause a population to decline below its carrying capacity. 

Module 17: Human population growth, while seemingly exponential, is influenced by resource availability and environmental limits. However, human populations are also uniquely shaped by social and cultural factors like access to healthcare and education, which affect birth rates and mortality. Human population trends are viewed as a system with inputs and outputs, influenced by social and cultural factors like healthcare access and education. A positive growth rate occurs when inputs exceed outputs, while a negative rate happens when outputs surpass inputs. Age structure diagrams show how a population is distributed across age ranges. The shape of the diagram indicated whether a population is growing, stable, or declining, reflecting factors like birth and death rates and life expectancy. Replacement level fertility, the number of children needed to replace a generation, is slightly more than two due to child mortality and personal choices. Global population changes result from the combines total fertility rate of all countries. 

Module 18: China, the world's most populous nation, is experiencing below replacement fertility despite its past rapid growth. The country's high resource consumption and industrial activity, couples with a growing global population and urbanization, significantly impact the environment. A demographic transition model illustrates how population growht patterns change as countries develop economically. It outlines four stages, starting with a stable population and progressing through rapid growth, slowing growth, and finally, a declining population with an aging demographic. Human population size and resource consumption significantly impact the environment. Affluence, driven by economic opportunity, further magnifies this impact, with wealthier individuals consuming far more resources than those in developing countries. 

Link to folder: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/15bLR6wM7yh0PLS8t-E-h_c9AoB3X1QOu