Unit and Chapter pages- There are 10 total units, starting with Unit 0. Each consists of 2-3 chapters.
Each unit page should have sub-links to chapters (Ex: APES>Unit 0 >>Chapter 1)
Each chapter page should include
CHAPTER SUMMARY: This brief summary/reflection should be more than 5 sentences, less than 10, in your own words. Focus on what you took away from the chapter’s big ideas/concepts.
LINK TO TEXT: A link to the chapter pdf
CHAPTER FOLDER: A private link to your chapter subfolder (carefully set these permissions so that only you and Ms. Stewart have access to the folder and docs!). In this folder, you should have your:
chapter outline (Follow Chapter Outline Guidelines)
chapter vocabulary (optional, but helpful!)
chapter review questions (optional, but helpful!)
labs or activities from the chapter.
Useful Media: Videos, articles, etc.
Study Artifacts: Links to any study materials that you found helpful when preparing for the chapter test.
Freshwater biomes are widely distributed throughout the world, from the Arctic to the tropics. They include streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, and wetlands. Streams and rivers are characterized by flowing water, while lakes and ponds have standing water. Streams and rivers can combine to form larger rivers, with an amount of oxygen important for the survival of aquatic life. Lakes and ponds are classified by their level of fertility. Oligotrophic lakes have low levels of nutrients, while eutrophic lakes have high levels on nutrients. Wetlands are among the most productive biomes, providing several important services such as filtering water, providing habitat for wildlife, and storing carbon.
In contrast, marine biomes are categorized as estuaries/saltmarshes, mangrove swamps, intertidal zones, coral reefs, and the open ocean. Estuaries are productive because they recieve nutrient rich material from rivers. Intertidal zones are home to barnacles, sponges, algae, mussels, crabs, and sea stars. Additionally, algae are dying from disease and environmetnal changes, including lower ocean pH and high water temperatures. Sunlight penetration depends on sediment and algae, but it generally does not exceed 200 meters. Algae are the major photosynthetic organisms in the photic zone. The aphotic zone lacks light.
Freshwater biomes: Categorized as streams and rivers, lakes and ponds, or freshwater wetlands.
Littoral zone: The shallow zone and water in lakes and ponds near the shore where most algae and emergent plants such as cattails grow.
Limnetic zone: A zone of open water in lakes and ponds as deep as the sunlight can penetrate.
Phytoplankton: Floating algae.
Profundal zone: A region of water where sunlight does not reach, below the limnetic zone in very deep lakes.
Benthic zone: The muddy bottom of a lake, pond, or ocean beneath the limnetic and profundal zones.
Oligotrohpic: Describes a lake with a low level of phytoplankton due to low amounts of nutrients in the water.
Mesotrophic: Describes a lake with a moderate level of fertility.
Eutrophic: Describes a lake with a high level of fertility.
Freshwater wetland: An aquatic biome that is submerged or saturated by water for at least part of each year, but shallow enough to support emergent vegetation.
Estuaries: An area along the coast where the freshwater of rivers mixes with salt water from the ocean.
Salt marsh: Found along the coast in temperate climates, a marsh containing nonwoody emergent vegetation.
Mangrove swamp: A swamp that occurs along tropical and subtropical coasts, and contains salt-tolerant trees with roots submerged in water.
Intertidal zone: A narrow band of coastline that exists between the levels of high tide and low tide.
Coral reef: Represents Earth’s most diverse marine biome, and are found in warm, shallow waters beyond the shoreline in tropical regions.
Coral bleaching: Represents Earth’s most diverse marine biome, and are found in warm, shallow waters beyond the shoreline in tropical regions.
Open ocean: Deep-ocean water, located away from the shoreline where sunlight can no longer reach the ocean bottom.
Photic zone: The upper layer of ocean water in the ocean that receives enough sunlight for photosynthesis.
Chemosynthesis: A process used by some bacteria to generate energy with methane and hydrogen sulfide.