Written by Madison M.
While the academics may have been stricter in 1914, the admissions process appears to have been more straightforward and objective than today. Unlike the focus on extracurriculars and outstanding circumstances which greatly influence the admissions process at Wellesley now, admissions was primarily based on examinations and prior coursework. Although there may have been limits to how many students could matriculate in a given year based on space in residence halls (and so applicants were encouraged to apply a year or two ahead of time) if the applicant was successful in their prerequisites and exams, then it seemed to guarantee admissions unless there were important reasons not to. In addition to examinations, both finals and preliminaries, another option for entrance existed. This was the admission by certificate which could be obtained from certain schools which were approved to grant such certificates to their students. Two other kinds of admission could be garnered by applicants, one for mature students who did not want a degree but were qualified to take classes. The second one (besides admission to the MA program) was for Advanced Standing, something which we do not really have at Wellesley today unless you consider the credits students may receive from AP credits. Admissions fees were different as well, although may be equivalent given inflation. (Now, students can get application waivers which did not seem to be a possibility in 1914) It was $10 to apply and it cost an additional $5 for late applications/examinations.
The below news article from 1925 details Ellen Fitz Pendleton's, Wellesley's president's, views on students' preparedness for education, reading, and writing. There is an interesting parallel between what is now dubbed 'the sophomore slump' and President Pendleton's point that sophomore year presented the greatest difficulties of all class years. Other school administrators' perspectives are shared as well. The idea is put forward that the priority of schools, leading up to the 20's, fell away from students, as resources were devoted to labs and academics. The Dean of Swarthmore also proclaimed that lax admissions led to a lower quality student population.
In addition to the perspectives of these college administrators, the close relationships between the schools and their open conversations in the same context discloses a small world of academics and admissions. Top universities and liberal arts colleges were influenced by one another. This is especially emphasized in the below news articles, "To Raise the Admission Standard" from New York Times 1889, and "On Entrance Requirements" from the Boston Daily Globe 1904. In these it is made clear that increased uniformity in the admissions process was desired and pursued continuously. The results would be higher admissions standards and a stronger student body- or so they hoped. This was the same reason for Wellesley's rule (which allowed exceptions by special vote) that no one under the age of 16 could be admitted to the incoming class. The details of this are written in the Boston Daily Globe article below, "Wellesley Frowns on Infant 'Phenoms'" 1921.
Below are examples of Wellesley's academic (science) equipment found from the Wellesley College Hall Archeological Project. Wellesley did have great buildings, labs, and resources, as other elite private colleges had, for their students to use.
Wellesley was a private school for young women in the upper class, as explained thoroughly in the 'Expenditure.' This is something current Wellesley understand to be a truth of the school's founding. So it may come as a surprise that there were opportunities made available to serve others who may not have had the means to finance a Wellesley education independently. It is fascinating and uplifting to know that even in 1908 the school was making efforts in outreach (although it is significantly improved today as scholarships are available on a need blind basis). One of the two scholarships announced in the Boston Daily Globe article, "Scholarships Announced: Wellesley College New Catalog Out" mentions funding opportunities for students who applied in advance. One of these came in the amount of $2,000.00, or over $50,000 in today's money.
Another opportunity may come as a shock to the modern audience. In addition to undergraduate and graduate classes, there were also 'subjects for servants'. Although this may come across in certain ways which are uncomfortable to a reader today, at the time, it offered women of the lower class a chance to obtain an education. Music was one of the most popular subjects. It was separate from the academic, undergraduate classes taken by Wellesley students, but the New York Times article below, "Teach Wellesley Maids" from 1920, does describe at least one young woman who took advantage of the classes to gain a foothold and obtain admissions to the normal course. It also insinuates the prominence of the presence of maids and servants on campus. In the 1911 letter from Mary Rosa to her mother (on the left), she writes about her days and has one paragraph in which she mentions that three of her maids are in a performance. It gives some interesting insight into the academic and social community as well as into the classes developed for Wellesley students' servants.
Why Wellesley? It is a question most applicants have to confront, and the answer differs from person to person. As Wellesley has developed over the years, the reasons for joining the Wellesley community have shifted and those who choose to matriculate have changed as well. So what motivated past generations of Wellesley students to enroll?
One theory put out about 100 years ago was that while an educated young woman had, at a time, been undesirable, it became in fashion. In this 1920 article, it is suggested that going to college was a tactic within upper class families for making good marriages. (The fashion perhaps induced by the demands of WW1)
Especially in the late 19th and early 20th century, one of Wellesley's great draws was its novelty. It was founded at a time when the education of women was greatly undervalued. Wellesley also drew people because of the legacy it built as a beacon for powerful women. This is written of in the Home Journal and New York Times articles just below.
Wellesley, however, was not the only school devoted to women's education. In addition to its constant striving for excellence and improved standards of admissions, the community and culture went a long way to draw in applicants. Nowadays, prospective students may receive a book in the mail or a slew of emails; but to the left, you can see a published article in the Boston Daily Globe from 1908 describing Wellesley College Societies and the network that Wellesley is known for even today.
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