Personal Communication

APA

Reference:

There is no citation for personal communications on the Reference page.

In-text:

For the following scenarios: Interviews, letters, e-mails, private social media pages, and other person-to-person communication:

(First initial of person being contacted. Last name, personal communication, date of communication).

(E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4, 2001).

A.P. Smith also claimed that many of her students had difficulties with APA style (personal communication, November 3, 2002).

MLA

Works Cited

E-mail:

Last Name, First Name of the person emailing. "Subject of Email." Received by Recipient name, Date received.

Daniel, Jennifer. "Club Day Schedule." Received by Lori Labbe, April 11, 2018.

Personal Interview:

Last Name, First Name of the person interviewed. Personal Interview. Date of interview.

Daniel, Jennifer. Personal interview. 11 April 2018.

Text Message (or other form of personal messaging, such as Google Hangouts):

Last Name, First Name of the person messaging. Message to the author. Date received.

Daniel, Jennifer. Message to the author. 20 Oct. 2020.

In-text:

Put the last name of the person who was interviewed (or from whom the author received communication).

On the schedule, it is found that first period will be ending 5 minutes early (Daniel).

Chicago Style

Bibliography: No bibliography entry for personal communication.

Footnote:

E-mail: First and last name of author email message to recipient, Date of correspondence.

Shortened version: Last name of author, Date of correspondence.

Example: Allyss Haecker, e-mail message to the author, October 21, 2017.

Haecker, October 21, 2017.

Personal Interview: First and last name of interview subject (Title), in discussion with the author, Date of interview.

Shortened version: Last name of subject, Date of interview.

Example: Allyss Haecker (music professor at Emory & Henry College), in discussion with the author, October 21, 2017.

Haecker, October 21, 2017.