The process starts with the organic carbon in the air. Trees take in carbon through photosynthesis and release oxygen. Animals and humans take in the oxygen that was released and go through a process called cellular respiration. Cellular respiration turns this oxygen into carbon and releases it back into the air. The loop repeats itself again and again. Another factor that affects carbon is the pollution. Pollution from cars and factories release inorganic carbon into the atmoshpere. In addition to that, when a tree decays or fossilizes, it takes teh carbon inside it with it. So this carbon is stuck in there and can't come out. This is the same with any fossils.