A playwright is responsible for writing a play. Some are commissioned by theatre companies or producers and others write plays and submit them speculatively. Usually they will have written the play well in advance of rehearsals, but small changes can be made as the show develops. Occasionally, playwrights are present during the entire rehearsal process and they watch the performers work with the director to develop ideas, making notes and writing the script organically. 

A director is responsible for the overall creative vision of the show. They have to bring the different elements of the production together to produce a cohesive final production, having meetings with the design team at various stages during a production. They will also direct the performers and help them develop their characters in rehearsals ahead of the final performance.

An actor's job is to perform within a production. They will usually audition in front of the director and a casting director to get their part. They begin their work in the rehearsal room with the director, before performing on stage in front of an audience. They must ensure to maintain a high-quality performance each night, during the run of the show.

An understudy is a performer who learns the lines and blocking of a regular performer in a production, so that if the regular performer is ever unable to perform, eg due to illness or injury, the understudy can cover their part. Sometimes, they may take a smaller role within a production, while covering one of the lead roles. When an understudy goes on to perform a lead role, a performer called a swing will cover the understudy’s part.

A stage manager is responsible for backstage during a production. They usually lead a stage management team of a deputy stage manager, assistant stage managers and a company stage manager, and they are involved from before the first rehearsal until after the show has finished. They organise the rehearsal schedule and sit in the rehearsal room making notes that need to be passed onto the design team. During the run of a show, they are responsible for organisational aspects, such as setting props and calling the show.

A costume designer is responsible for designing the costume, hair and make-up for a production, working closely with the design team to ensure that the costumes match the style of the show. They will often create designs ahead of the production being cast and can then make changes once they have met the performers. The costume designer works closely with the costume department, who are responsible for making the outfits and wigs.

A set designer is responsible for designing the set, working closely with the director and the design team to create the world of the show. They may begin by providing the director with a concept, before moving on to the technical drawing stage. Once the design is complete, the set is constructed and completed by various departments that specialise in materials such as metal, wood and paint.

A lighting designer is responsible for designing the lighting within a production, working closely with the director and the design team to create lighting states for atmosphere and mood on stage. The lighting designer will often have an initial idea about how the lighting will look for a show and will then make adjustments during the rehearsal process. Once their design work is complete, technicians will rig and programme the lights.

A sound designer is responsible for designing the use of sound within a production, eg sound effects or music, working with the director to create and develop sound that enhances a production. They will also advise the director on whether the production requires microphones and other technical equipment.

A puppet designer is specifically responsible for designing puppets within a production. They must ensure that puppets match the set and costume design and general aesthetic of the show. They must also ensure that the puppets work efficiently when operated.

There are many different types of technicians involved in theatre. They may be involved in rigging the lighting, sound equipment and set. They may also operate technical equipment during a show, controlling lighting, sound or other aspects of the set, eg trucks.

A theatre manager is responsible for the front of house team and is usually a permanent employee of a theatre building. They ensure the smooth running of a performance by looking after the audience.