Yo Maps Ft Petersen Pressure Mp3 |VERIFIED| Download

Objective: Between 50% and 67% of adults suffer from neck-shoulder pain, which may be associated with increased stiffness of neck muscles. We assessed pressure pain sensitivity and muscle stiffness maps of the upper trapezius in female computer users with and without chronic neck-shoulder pain and investigated the effects of eccentric training on females with neck-shoulder pain.

Methods: Topographical maps of pressure pain thresholds (pressure algometer) and muscle stiffness (myotonometer), using a 15-point grid covering myotendinous and muscle belly sites, and shoulder elevation force and range of elevation (dynamometer) were assessed at baseline and after training.

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Results: There were no differences in pressure pain thresholds between sites (P = 0.243) or groups (P = 0.068), and there were significant differences in stiffness between myotendinous and muscle belly sites (P < 0.001) but not groups (P = 0.273). After training, pressure pain thresholds increased, stiffness decreased (P < 0.005), and shoulder elevation force and range of elevation improved (P < 0.001).

Conclusions: The lack of differences in upper trapezius pressure pain sensitivity and stiffness between females with or without neck-shoulder pain confirms no clear etiology among computer users reporting neck-shoulder pain. A five-week eccentric training protocol showed positive effects on pressure pain sensitivity, stiffness, shoulder force, and range of motion.

Approach: Bedside caregivers repositioned patients to the best of their abilities, using pillows and positioning aids without the visual feedback from a continuous bedside pressure mapping (CBPM) system. Once positioned, caregivers were shown the image from the CBPM system and allowed to make further adjustments to the patient position. Data from the CBPM device, in the form of visual screenshots and peak pressure values, were obtained after each repositioning phase. Caregivers provided feedback on repositioning with and without the CBPM system.

Results: Screenshots displayed lower pressures when the visual feedback from the CBPM systems was utilized by caregivers. Lower peak pressure measurements were also evident when caregivers utilized the image from the CBPM systems. Overall, caregivers felt the system enabled more effective patient positioning and increased the quality of care they provided their patients.

Innovation: This is the first bedside pressure mapping device to be continuously used in a clinical setting to provide caregivers and patients visual, instant feedback of pressure, thereby enhancing repositioning and offloading practices.

In long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs), where sixty-three percent (63%) of the population is known to be at risk for pressure ulcer development, prevalence of pressure ulcers has been reported at 27.3%, of which 8.5% are facility-acquired.4 One out of every four patients in a LTACH has a stage II or higher pressure ulcer.4 In this very high-risk population, extensive medical interventions further challenge caregivers interfering with regular turning schedules and standard offloading practices.

To assist caregivers in preventing pressure ulcers, the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) has published guidelines stating that repositioning is important to reduce the magnitude and duration of pressure over vulnerable areas of patients' bodies.5 Reducing the amount of time and intensity of pressure that patients are exposed to lessens the risk of developing a pressure ulcer.5 Using appropriate support surfaces and repositioning techniques are recommended.5 Techniques suggested for proper positioning include using a 30 side-lying position, instead of 90, and avoiding head of bed elevation above 30.5 Using best clinical judgment for each individual patient is key when following the guideline to reposition a patient in such a way that pressure is relieved or redistributed.5

Knowing that pressure over time is the main causative agent of a pressure ulcer, a prevention program would benefit from a way to continuously monitor the pressure beneath patients. The need for individualized monitoring is necessary, due to variations in patient body type and presenting comorbidities for pressure ulcer development. Continuous bedside pressure monitoring (CBPM) enables caregivers to make informed assessments in real time and institute protective measures in a timely fashion.

Caregivers were then shown the image from the CBPM device and asked whether they wanted to make any changes. Pressure images from screenshots and peak pressure measurements were recorded a second time.

Caregivers were not matched with patients for whom they were actively caring, to eliminate any bias of knowing how to position the patient based on a prior experience. Caregivers were given as much time as they wanted to position and reposition patients. Images and peak pressures were recorded after the caregivers had completed the repositioning phase.

Patients #1 (A, B) and #6 (C, D), positioned without utilization of the pressure image (A, C) and utilizing the image from the pressure monitor (B, D). (E) Bedpan beneath patient. (F) Bedpan no longer beneath patient.

The use of offloading surfaces and patient repositioning is standard of care in the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers.5 This study shows that blind repositioning alone may be ineffective in reducing peak pressures that lead to pressure ulcer formation. This is consistent with the findings of the Petersen study where patients were found to exhibit high interface pressures despite routine repositioning care.6 The use of real-time pressure sensing technology in concert with therapeutic support surfaces and effective repositioning enhances pressure reduction and results in improved patient safety and outcomes.13

The visual feedback from the CBPM systems gave caregivers an effective guide to reposition patients. The utilization of real-time color images, to guide interventions played an important role in minimizing pressure under bedbound patients. Current techniques, such as the 30 side-lying position, have been shown to decrease pressures beneath patients. In patients who could not tolerate this position, CBPM systems provided guidance for effective repositioning. CBPM was readily accepted by staff, family, and patients.

Real-time monitoring is an integral tool in the timely assessment and treatment of many diseases. Many life-threatening conditions are converted and managed by effective and timely monitoring. Pressure mapping and monitoring is a noninvasive way to measure and monitor pressures applied to the skin.6 Skin pressures do not directly correlate to deeper pressures on tissues or capillary pressure.6 However, being able to assess and monitor where external pressure is being applied to the skin gives healthcare providers the opportunity to lower high peak pressures, which lowers the external pressure that is applied to tissue and decreases the possibility of pressure ulcer development.6

Please understand that the bullets and powders we chose to evaluate may not be the most popular among some shooters; however, our goal is to provide a wide spectrum of bullet weights and the powders used with them. In doing that, regardless of what bullet and powder one chooses, if you have access to a chronograph and a powder burn rate chart, you will be able to estimate a safe maximum pressure load for your rifle chambered in .22 Creedmoor.

All of the following data was gathered by our ballistician in our indoor ballistics lab located in our factory in Pennsylvania. Although we were able to gather pressure and velocity data in our lab, we have not tested these loads for accuracy. Again, these loads are just designed to give shooters information regarding what velocity a bullet and powder charge combination will produce given the SAAMI Maximum Average Pressure (MAP) of 62,000 psi. The following loads were not tested for accuracy or consistent velocity but are just reference points for you to use when working up your own loads.

Analyzing the above data, we observe that changing between using standard large rifle primers and large rifle magnum primers did cause a slight change in a few outcomes, including velocity and pressure, during our test: #1. Magnum primers increased our velocity, on average, by 25 fps, #2. Magnum primers increased our pressure, on average, by 1,500 psi, #3. Magnum primers increased our velocity standard deviation (SD) and extreme spread (ES) by 7 fps and 14 fps, respectively.

For reference, note that, after we gathered all of our test data, we searched popular internet forums to gather information about loads that shooters were currently using in their .22 Creedmoor rifles. The loads we chose to test were ones that we thought might be over pressure. We then tested those loads in our universal receiver so we could record a pressure for each load. In addition to our data sheet, we have included a few of these loads, complete with their associated pressures and velocities, below. With the below loads, we did have to shorten the COAL of the round slightly to fit into our universal receiver. The pressure measured for each load was not meaningfully affected by this slight COAL shortening. Each of the below loads are over pressure.

As most shooters know, Peterson Cartridge casings can handle more pressure than the SAAMI Maximum Average Pressure (MAP) lists as safe. However, we need to caution everyone reading this data sheet not to exceed the SAAMI Maximum Average Pressure (MAP), listed at 62,000 psi, for the .22 Creedmoor. Just because the casings can handle extra pressure, does not mean you should exceed recommended pressure standards. More often than not, the fastest load is not the most accurate load.

The value of forests for biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human well-being is well established1,2. Consequently, much effort has focused on mapping forests globally and assessing changes in their extent. Remotely sensed forest metrics are continually evolving from forest presence, to measures of forest loss and gain, height, and landscape pattern (Table 1). The global earth observation community has called for the integration of such metrics into Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) that distinguish the ecological quality of forests with regards to ecosystem structure, function, and composition3. We introduce two forest indices as candidate EBVs that quantify forest structure and human pressure. 17dc91bb1f