Life Below Water

Purpose

This goal seeks to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for present and future generations, such as preserving the health and biodiversity of marine ecosystems, promoting sustainable fishing practices, reducing marine pollution, and addressing the impacts of ocean acidification and climate change on aquatic life. The goal recognizes the critical role that oceans and seas play in supporting life on Earth, providing livelihoods for millions of people, and contributing to global food security, trade, and transportation(Close The Gap Foundation, n.d.).

Adverse impact that India is currently dealing with

Oil Spills

Oil spills have been one of the major concerns of the marine world for a long time. They are commercial and environmental catastrophes, involving ships or oil platforms. Oil spill disasters pollute the marine ecosystem and the impact is felt for decades. In addition to killing fish, marine mammals and birds, oil spills contaminate beaches, coastal settlements and wildlife habitats(Kaushik, 2024).

Plastic Pollution

Plastic pollution is another growing concern, with large amounts of plastic waste entering oceans, affecting marine animals. Countries in Asia contribute the largest proportion, or 80.99 per cent, of plastic waste to the world’s oceans. At the second place of the list is the Philippines (36.38 per cent share), followed by India (12.92 per cent), Malaysia (7.46 per cent), China (7.22 per cent) and Indonesia (5.75 per cent)(Haycock, 2024), therefore these countries also more affected by plastic pollution.

Chemical Pollution

Chemical pollution is the introduction of harmful contaminants. Common man-made pollutants that reach the ocean include pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, detergents, oil, industrial chemicals, and sewage. Many ocean pollutants are released into the environment far upstream from coastlines. In recent decades, India itself has regularly discharged various forms of sewage into its rivers and oceans, causing the accumulation of harmful elements in Marine creatures.

Personal Response To Adverse Situations

Reduce The Demand For Oil

In India, there is no law covering oil spills as such and their consequential environmental damage. They are covered as accidental discharge as defined in the Environment Protection Act (EPA) of 1986(NEXT IAS Team, 2024). To help solve oil spills, we can all do our part. First, save energy at home by turning off lights when not in use and unplugging electronics. Use energy-efficient appliances to cut down on oil-based power. Choose public transport, walk, or bike instead of driving cars. This reduces oil consumption and lowers pollution. Buy products with less packaging to decrease waste that comes from oil. Choose reusable items like water bottles and shopping bags. Support companies that use sustainable practices and eco-friendly materials. In short, individuals need to minimize their demand for products whose raw materials are oil. By making these choices, we lessen our reliance on oil and help protect the ocean.

Recycle Plastics

Over the past few decades, plastic consumption in India has risen dramatically, driven by sectors such as packaging (24%), infrastructure (16%), and agriculture (15%). This growth is fueled by the “Make in India” initiative and overall economic expansion(Jones, 2024). To help reduce ocean plastic pollution, we can recycle more. First, sort our trash at home and put plastics in the recycling bin. Use reusable bags, bottles, and containers instead of disposable ones. Participate in or organize beach cleanups to collect plastic waste. Learn which plastics can be recycled and follow local rules. Buy products with less plastic packaging and choose items made from recycled materials. Teach friends and family about the importance of recycling. By recycling plastics, we keep them out of the ocean and protect sea animals. Every small action helps make a big difference for our planet.

Try To Use Harmless Chemicals

The Indian chemical industry is one of the largest worldwide. In 2023, it ranked fifth in the world in terms of revenue. With over 80 thousand products, it is also one of the most diversified sectors in the country(Jaganmohan, 2024). To help reduce ocean chemical pollution, we can take simple steps. First, use less harmful cleaning products at home. Choose natural soaps and avoid products with strong chemicals. Be careful not to pour oils or medicines down the drain. Use eco-friendly fertilizers in gardens to stop harmful runoff into waterways. Fix leaky ships quickly to prevent oil from reaching the sea. Participate in community clean-up days to remove trash that can pollute water. Support companies that follow good practices and don’t pollute. By making smart choices, we protect marine life and keep our oceans healthy for everyone.

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