Art styles describe the way the artwork looks. Style is basically the manner in which the artist portrays their subject matter and how the artist expresses their vision.
Style is determined by the characteristics that describe the artwork, such as the way the artist employs any of the visual elements or expressive effects. Another important factor in determining the style of an artwork is to examine the way the artist handles the materials, taking into account the method or technique that the artist uses. An additional aspect of art styles is the philosophy or driving force behind the artwork. All of these stylistic elements are defined by the choices artists make as they compose their artwork.
Artworks that have certain features in common are considered to have the same style. Sometimes this means that they are part of the same movement, but not always. The concept of "movements" in art is usually linked to a specific time (and sometimes place) in history. For instance, there are painters today who still paint in an Impressionistic manner, embracing the concepts that first defined Impressionism in the 19th century. However, because they are contemporary artists who are inspired by the Impressionists, they are not really part of the original "Impressionist movement" as it exists in historical terms. Although art styles can be resurrected from the past, the movement itself is still anchored in its original position on the art history timeline.
In the Higher art and Design exam you could be asked to discuss Style in the following ways:
having the characteristic of an art movement — for example Classical, Realist, Impressionist, Post-Impressionist, Expressionist, Futurist, Cubist, Colourist, Surrealist, Pop Art, Photorealism — the way this is evident in the work
description of style — for example painterly, realistic, graphic, expressive, experimental, geometric, abstract
effect on mood and atmosphere
effect on visual impact
When answering a question it's good practice to have structure for each point you make.
What - Name the visual element/expressive effect or specific thing you wish to discuss
Where - Describe exactly where in the Artwork it is
Why - Analyse what the impact of the element used has on the overall visual impact or mood and atmosphere of the piece.
Key - What - Blue, Where - Red, Why - Purple
Solitaire of Pantomime (c.2010) by Michael Cheval oil on canvas (61 x 91 cm)
the artist’s painting style looks traditional, they may have taken influence from Renaissance painters due to the use of perspective in the background to create depth this adds an element of realism to the scene.
the subject of the work suggests a Surrealist style, this can be seen as the gloves have been painted to suggest people acting out a play and look like they are interacting with one another.
the work has a realistic style due to the soft, blended brush strokes throughout the painting allowing us to understand the form and detail of the subject matter, an example of this would be the realistic draped cloth on the figure. this creates a sense of 3d form and realism, making the viewer feel like they are looking at dream scene due to the surreal subject.
there is a theatrical style suggested through the castle backdrop, elaborate costume and use of spotlight on the right-hand side which makes it look like a stage, this further enhances the idea that the viewer is looking at a play.