This multi decoder is designed to support a large number of codes and ciphers. Not all codes and ciphers have keywords, alphabets, numbers, letter translation, etc so if the code or cipher doesn't require it, those fields will be ignored. If one does require something, the text of that box will be updated to tell you what it is missing in order to decode.


Typically you would put any keywords in the first Key/Alphabet box and any custom alphabets in the next one. If all you have are keywords or alphabets, try rotating the order just in case the cipher was coded with them switched.


If you find any tools that aren't working quite right, please reach out to me. It would be helpful if you provided as much information as you can and an example of how it should be.

If you are using NHTSA's VIN decoder to get information regarding the U.S. Electric Vehicle Tax Credit, please refer to information released by the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Department of the Treasury and Internal Revenue Service, and these FAQs.


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Unlike other language decoding systems in development, this system does not require subjects to have surgical implants, making the process noninvasive. Participants also do not need to use only words from a prescribed list. Brain activity is measured using an fMRI scanner after extensive training of the decoder, in which the individual listens to hours of podcasts in the scanner. Later, provided that the participant is open to having their thoughts decoded, their listening to a new story or imagining telling a story allows the machine to generate corresponding text from brain activity alone.

In addition to having participants listen or think about stories, the researchers asked subjects to watch four short, silent videos while in the scanner. The semantic decoder was able to use their brain activity to accurately describe certain events from the videos.

The Television Decoder Circuitry Act of 1990 requires television receivers with picture screens 13 inches or larger to have built-in decoder circuitry designed to display closed captioned television transmissions. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has also applied this requirement to computers equipped with television circuitry that are sold together with monitors that have viewable pictures at least 13 inches in diameter; to digital television sets that have screens measuring 7.8 inches vertically (approximately the equivalent of a 13-inch diagonal analog screen); and to stand-alone digital television (DTV) tuners and set top boxes (used to provide cable, satellite, and other subscription television services), regardless of the screen size with which these are marketed or sold. The Television Decoder Circuitry Act also requires the FCC to ensure that closed captioning services continue to be available to consumers as new video technology is developed.

It's 11:13pm on Christmas Eve and I'm on my second viewing of the classic holiday film A Christmas Story. You probably know that it's about Ralphie Parker and his obsession with getting a Red Ryder BB gun for Christmas, so I won't give you a plot summary. But I did finally decide to figure out something that had been gnawing at me for years: what's up with the Little Orphan Annie decoder pin? By this I mean, what's the code to convert the numerical message given by the announcer into words?

Anyway, the encoded message above, using the keyword milk, doesn't seem to do the trick. I then searched for images of the decoder pin, but there aren't many to be had. Here's Ralphie holding it in the film:

The numbers are in order, but the letters aren't. The ones that are visible are WNORPQ, and these line up with the numbers in the message (the ones we know about anyway). So, it appears that the decoder pin simply has a permutation of the 26 letters on one side and the numbers 1-26 in order, and Ralphie decodes the message he has written down (with the pin set to B-12, obviously).

Alex Huth (left), Shailee Jain (center) and Jerry Tang (right) prepare to collect brain activity data in the Biomedical Imaging Center at The University of Texas at Austin. The researchers trained their semantic decoder on dozens of hours of brain activity data from participants, collected in an fMRI scanner. Photo Credit: Nolan Zunk/University of Texas at Austin.

This image shows decoder predictions from brain recordings collected while a user listened to four stories. Example segments were manually selected and annotated to demonstrate typical decoder behaviors. The decoder exactly reproduces some words and phrases and captures the gist of many more. Credit: University of Texas at Austin.

Ph.D. student Jerry Tang prepares to collect brain activity data in the Biomedical Imaging Center at The University of Texas at Austin. The researchers trained their semantic decoder on dozens of hours of brain activity data from participants, collected in an fMRI scanner. Photo Credit: Nolan Zunk/University of Texas at Austin.

Alex Huth (left), discusses the semantic decoder project with Jerry Tang (center) and Shailee Jain (right) in the Biomedical Imaging Center at The University of Texas at Austin. The researchers trained their semantic decoder on dozens of hours of brain activity data from participants, collected in an fMRI scanner. Photo Credit: Nolan Zunk/University of Texas at Austin.

We present a novel and practical deep fully convolutional neural network architecture for semantic pixel-wise segmentation termed SegNet. This core trainable segmentation engine consists of an encoder network, a corresponding decoder network followed by a pixel-wise classification layer. The architecture of the encoder network is topologically identical to the 13 convolutional layers in the VGG16 network [1] . The role of the decoder network is to map the low resolution encoder feature maps to full input resolution feature maps for pixel-wise classification. The novelty of SegNet lies is in the manner in which the decoder upsamples its lower resolution input feature map(s). Specifically, the decoder uses pooling indices computed in the max-pooling step of the corresponding encoder to perform non-linear upsampling. This eliminates the need for learning to upsample. The upsampled maps are sparse and are then convolved with trainable filters to produce dense feature maps. We compare our proposed architecture with the widely adopted FCN [2] and also with the well known DeepLab-LargeFOV [3] , DeconvNet [4] architectures. This comparison reveals the memory versus accuracy trade-off involved in achieving good segmentation performance. SegNet was primarily motivated by scene understanding applications. Hence, it is designed to be efficient both in terms of memory and computational time during inference. It is also significantly smaller in the number of trainable parameters than other competing architectures and can be trained end-to-end using stochastic gradient descent. We also performed a controlled benchmark of SegNet and other architectures on both road scenes and SUN RGB-D indoor scene segmentation tasks. These quantitative assessments show that SegNet provides good performance with competitive inference time and most efficient inference memory-wise as compared to other architectures. We also provide a Caffe implementation of SegNet and a web demo at

Our decoder was trained on brain activation patterns in each participant elicited when they read individual words, and corresponding semantic vectors27. Our core assumption was that variation in each dimension of the semantic space would correspond to variation in the patterns of activation, and the decoder could exploit this correspondence to learn the relationship between the two. This was motivated by previous studies that showed that the patterns of activation for semantically related stimuli were more similar to each other than for unrelated stimuli16,19.The decoder then used this relationship to infer the degree to which each dimension was present in new activation patterns collected from the same participant, and to output semantic vectors representing their contents. If this relationship can indeed be learned, and if our training set covers all the dimensions of the semantic space, then any meaning that can be represented by a semantic vector can, in principle, be decoded.

The key challenge is the coverage of the semantic space by the words in the training set. This set is limited to a few hundred stimuli at most per imaging session as (i) multiple repetitions per word are needed because the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data are noisy, and (ii) the stimuli need to be sufficiently separated in time given that the fMRI signal is temporally smeared. Ideally, we would obtain brain activation data for all the words in a basic vocabulary (~30,000 words28) and use them to train the decoder. Given the scanning time required, however, this approach is not practical. To circumvent this limitation, we developed a novel procedure for selecting representative words that cover the semantic space.

We carried out three fMRI experiments. Experiment 1 used individual concepts as stimuli, with two goals. The first was to validate our approach to sampling the semantic space by testing whether a decoder trained on imaging data for individual concepts would generalize to new concepts. The second goal was to comparatively evaluate three experimental approaches to highlighting the relevant meaning of a given word, necessary because most words are ambiguous. Experiments 2 and 3 used text passages as stimuli. Their goal was to test whether a decoder trained on individual concept imaging data would decode semantic vectors from sentence imaging data. The stimuli for both experiments were developed independently of those in experiment 1. In particular, for experiment 2, we used materials developed for a prior unpublished study, with topics selected to span a wide range of semantic categories. For experiment 3, we used materials developed by our funding agency, also designed to span diverse topics. Experiment 3 was carried out after our decoder was delivered to the funding agency, so as to provide an unbiased assessment of decoding performance. 2351a5e196

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