Persian Gulf War 1990-1991
Iraq War 2003-2011
Persian Gulf War 1990-1991
Iraq War 2003-2011
On August 2, 1990, Iraq launched a swift invasion of Kuwait, fully occupying the country within two days. Initially, Iraq established a puppet government known as the Republic of Kuwait before proceeding with a complete annexation, dividing Kuwaiti sovereign territory.
The Persian Gulf War ensued as a response to Iraq's aggression, with a coalition of 42 countries led by the United States taking action against the invading forces. This coalition conducted two major phases of operations: Operation Desert Shield, which involved military buildup from August 1990 to January 1991, and Operation Desert Storm, which commenced with an aerial bombing campaign on January 17, 1991, culminating in the Liberation of Kuwait on February 28, 1991.
The Iraq War spanned from 2003 to 2011, characterized by a prolonged armed conflict following the invasion of Iraq by a coalition led by the United States. This coalition successfully overthrew the Baathist government of Saddam Hussein, but faced ongoing challenges from insurgent forces and the post-invasion Iraqi government throughout the ensuing decade, leading to the official withdrawal of US troops in 2011.
Left Top moving clockwise:
Two Female soldiers guarding Patriot missile launch site during the Persian Gulf War.
Although female soldiers were officially barred from combat, they served in hundreds of roles, from piloting helicopters and reconnaissance aircraft, to acting as administrators, air traffic controllers, engineer equipment mechanics, ammunition technicians, radio operators, drivers, chaplains and law enforcement specialists.
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On April 9 2003, during the US-led invasion of Iraq, US Marines troops assisted Iraqi civilians in destroying a large statue of Saddam Hussein in Baghdad's Firdos Square. The event received global media coverage. This event symbolized the end of the Saddam regime in Iraq. Weeks later, beneath a banner reading "MISSION ACCOMPLISHED," US President George W Bush announced the end of major combat operations in Iraq.
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During all of Operation Desert Storm, both the Marines and the Army fired a little more than 60,000 artillery rounds. In the invasion of Iraq, just over 34,000 rounds were fired.
The Marine Corps was a key asset from the very beginning. With 45,000 Marines deployed in vicinity of the Persian Gulf at the onset of Operation Desert Shield, the Corps was immediately able to commit thousands of Marines to Operation Desert Storm when called upon. January 29th started the heavy ground fighting and produced the first ground casualties. On February 24, 1991, Marines, along with other coalition forces, kicked off the final assault of the operation. Marine forces posing as the main effort positioned themselves in the Gulf to create the illusion of an amphibious raid. This illusion allowed time for allied forces to attack Iraqi forces from behind. After 100 hours, the assault had ended, and the allied forces had succeeded. On February 28, 1991, Bush declared a cease-fire.
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During Operation Desert Storm, a total of eighty-six Marine Harriers flew combat missions from both ship and shore, logging 3,380 sorties for 4,038 hours, and delivering over 5.95 million pounds of ordnance.
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Two Marines wearing M-17A1 Field protective masks man a fighting position on the perimeter of their camp while taking part in a training exercise during Operation Desert Shield. The Marine in the foreground is armed with a M-249 squad automatic weapon.
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Women in the navy served in the Iraq War from 2003-2011. Nearly 300,000 women served during the Iraq War.
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On 29 January, the frigate Curts escorted the USS Missouri northward. In her first bombardment action of Desert Storm, she shelled an Iraqi command and control bunker near the Saudi border, the first time her 16-inch guns had been fired in combat since March 1953 off Korea. The Missouri was where the Japanese surrendered ending WWII. The Missouri had fired a total of 783 sixteen-inch shells and launched 28 Tomahawk cruise missiles during the campaign.
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F-14s participated in Operation Iraqi Freedom. The F-14s flew 2,547 combat sorties and dropped 1,452 GBU, JDAM, and MK-82 bombs with just one lost jet (from engine failure).
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The Riverine Command Boat aka RCB is a watercraft designed to patrol rivers and other shallow water. Their speed and small size makes them useful for patrolling busy waterways such as the Persian Gulf and protecting larger navy ships. In short, the US Navy’s riverine force provided an offensive component to the Joint Force via adaptive, scalable, and agile mission sets. Each Riverine Squadron aka RIVRON conducted seven-month rotations in Iraq enabling joint warfighters, interagency partners, and multi-national forces. Riverine operations were conducted primarily within easily recognizable confines of naval expertise, the maritime security domain. However, the maritime security domain extends ashore, and RIVRONS accomplished area control and denial mission in Iraq daily. Supporting multi-national and civil authorities, riverine forces provided critical infrastructure protection, control of the riparian regions, and aided in the restoration of Iraqi governmental agencies and essential services.
In less than five years of lraq deployments, with single
squadrons operating no more than 12 boats at a time, the riverine forces became a viable
and in demand quick reaction force. RIVRONs conducted more than 2,000 missions and
flew upwards of 660 unmanned aerial vehicle hours between March 2007 and October
2011. Their swift and agile waterborne capability of search and seizure, insertion,
extraction, and supporting fires became a staple of the Navy's ability to impact the war.
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The A-10 was used in combat for the first time during the Persian Gulf War in 1991, with 132 being deployed. A-10s shot down two Iraqi helicopters with the GAU-8 cannon. The first of these was shot down by Captain Robert Swain over Kuwait on 6 February 1991 for the A-10's first air-to-air victory. Four A-10s were shot down during the war by surface-to-air missiles and eleven A-10s were hit by anti-air artillery rounds. Another two battle-damaged A-10s and OA-10As returned to base and were written off. Some sustained additional damage in crash landings at the beginning of the war. A-10s flew missions against the Iraqi Republican Guard, but due to heavy attrition, from 15 February they were restricted to within 20 nautical miles of the southern border.
A-10s also flew missions hunting Iraqi Scud missiles. The A-10 had a mission capable rate of 95.7 percent, flew 8,100 sorties, and launched 90 percent of the AGM-65 Maverick missiles fired in the conflict. During the forty-day conflict, the A-10 force was credited with destroying 987 tanks, 926 artillery pieces, 1,355 combat vehicles, and a range of other targets-including ten fighters on the ground in addition to the two helicopters shot down in air-to-air engagements.
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On Mar. 19, 2003 at 5:30 a.m., the first airstrikes were launched in Baghdad, and Operation Iraqi Freedom began. F-117s were used to make the opening attacks on Baghdad on Jan. 17, 1991, the opening salvos on Desert Storm.” Just 12 years later, in 2003, F-117s were used again in the first airstrikes over the same city in Iraq at the start of Operation Iraqi Freedom. The F-117 was only operated by the US Airforce.
the F-117's unique design enabled it to reflect radar waves. With its angular panels bolstered by an external coating of radar-absorbent material, the aircraft was nearly invisible to radar.
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The C-5 Galaxy was a major supply asset in the international coalition operations in 1990–91 against Iraq in the Gulf War. C-5s have routinely delivered relief aid and humanitarian supplies to areas afflicted with natural disasters or crisis; multiple flights were made over Rwanda in 1994.
The C-5 was built to carry more cargo than any other plane. The C-5M can lift more than a quarter million pounds, and the approximately 34,000-cubic-foot cargo bay is large enough to contain one tank, six helicopters, or 24,844,746 ping pong balls.
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The Battle of Haifa Street was a battle fought during January 2007 for the control of Haifa Street, a two-mile-long street in downtown Baghdad, Iraq, pitting American and Iraqi Army forces against various Sunni insurgent forces between January 6 and January 9, 2007 (phase one), and then two weeks later on January 24 when US forces launched a second attempt to clear Haifa Street of insurgents once and for all. This battle was the precursor for clearing operations that would set the conditions for "the surge" which ultimately neutralized insurgent groups in this part of Baghdad during the spring and summer of 2007.
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The Iraq War saw the most intensive use of helicopters in a conventional conflict ever. The Boeing AH-64 Apache is an American twin-turboshaft attack helicopter with a tailwheel-type landing gear and a tandem cockpit for a crew of two. Nose-mounted sensors help acquire targets and provide night vision.
the AH-64 Apache represents the backbone of the U.S. Army's attack helicopter fleet.