Embodiment is the sense that something is a part of one’s body. The sense of own body is argued to relate to the sense of agency of one’s own actions and of the ownership of the body. Embodied avatars are defined to be avatars that are co-located with the user’s body and seen from a first person perspective within an immersive virtual environment. This can also refer to the extension of one's body, such as with tools or hands.
In order to evaluate embodiment for our expert evaluation, we used a proposed standardized questionnaire based 25 questions (Gonzales-Franco and Peck, 2021).
This refers to a sense that the virtual avatar is your own body. It may be a pair of hands or a full head to toe humanoid figure, animal or other.
The basis of Body Ownership in VR comes from the Rubber Hand Illusion. The Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) is a tantalizing illusion, where the feeling that a rubber hand belongs to one's body (feeling of ownership) is brought about by stroking a visible rubber hand synchronously to the participant's own occluded hand.
Thus, it is possible to have body ownership over a body that you feel is not in the same location as your own body.
Multi-sensory refers to information from the different sensory modalities (such as sight, sound, touch, smell, self-motion and taste) that are integrated together. Combining these modalities allows for humans to have meaningful perceptual experiences. Under specific multi-sensory conditions, we can experience artificial body parts or fake bodies as our own body parts or body, respectively.
This refers to how the virtual avatar looks (such as shape, gender, race, clothing, or other visual modifications). The appearance of the avatar may enhance or inhibit the embodiment illusion. Studies have indicated that embodiment is not only elicited in look-alike or gender/race consistent virtual avatars, but is also possible with avatars of a different gender, shape, racial group, or age to your own.
To experience an embodiment illusion, users must perceive the avatar as collocated with their own body, and that they own the body. The appearance and control of the avatar enhances the embodiment illusion.
Often in an application, there is an event that modifies or threatens the body or body parts of the virtual avatar. If you are embodied in the virtual avatar, then you will react as if your own body is threatened.
Pods pick a particular stimuli, or type of recurring stimuli to respond to, e.g. a siren indicating they are being followed, being splashed by hot lava, or sudden attacks by the enemy.
It may be possible that the experience doesn't have any particular stimuli in which case simply respond "neither agree to disagree" for all questions in this section.
The final embodiment score will be in a range from 1–7 indicating low to high embodiment.
To calculate the final embodiment score, first calculate the sub-categories.
Appearance = (R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 + R5 + R6 + R9 + R16)/8
Response = (R4 + R6 + R7 + R8 + R9 + R15)/6
Ownership = (R5 + R10 + R11 + R12 + R13 + R14)/6
Multi-Sensory = (R3 + R12 + R13 + R14 + R15 + R16)/6
Embodiment = (Appearance + Response + Ownership + Multi-Sensory)/4
Citation:
Mar Gonzales-Franco, Tabitha C. Peck; (2021) Avatar Embodiment. A Standard Questionnaire. Front. Virtual Real., doi:10.3389/frvir.2020.575943
Mar Gonzales-Franco, Tabitha C. Peck; (2018) Avatar Embodiment. Towards a Standardized Questionnaire. Front. Robot. AI, doi:10.3389/frobt.2018.00074