“ Observe what happens when sunbeams are admitted into a building and shed light on its shadowy places. You will see a multitude of tiny particles mingling in a multitude of ways... their dancing is an actual indication of underlying movements of matter that are hidden from our sight... It originates with the atoms which move of themselves."
- Titus Lucretius Carus ("On the Nature of Things" - c. 60 BC)
Description of behavior of gases from the molecular point of view. Mass of a molecule.
Pressure in the ideal gas in terms of microscopic quantities. Boltzmann's equation.
Absolute temperature as a measure of average kinetic energy of molecules. Absolute zero.
Application of Boltzmann's equation. Root mean square speed. Does the same temperature mean the same speed of molecules?
Internal energy of a gas. How much energy is stored in a mole? Internal energy of the air in a classroom.