Peer-reviewed Publications

"If you have knowledge, let others light their candles in it." - Margaret Fuller

2025

VanWiel, L. L., Carr, L. J., Bond, D. S., Wu, Y., Tunitsky-Bitton, E., Tulikangas, P., Steinberg, A. C., & Whitaker, K. M. (2025). Associations of urinary incontinence, physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk among women in the United States. Preventive Medicine, 108277.
Gallagher, J, Bayman, EO, Cadmus-Bertram, LA, Jenkins, ND, Pearlman, A, Whitaker, KM, & Carr, LJ. (2025). A remote physical activity intervention tailored to rural men: A Proof-of-concept study. Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine, 10(2), e000288. https://doi.org/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000288
Gallagher, J, Bayman, EO, Cadmus-Bertram, LA, Jenkins, ND, Pearlman, A, Whitaker, KM, & Carr, LJ. (2025). Formative study to inform a physical activity intervention targeted to rural men in the United States. Health Science Reports, 8: e70485. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70485
Chapman CG, Schroeder MC, Marcussen B, Carr LJ. Identifying Patients at Risk for Cardiometabolic and Chronic Diseases by Using the Exercise Vital Sign to Screen for Physical Inactivity. Prev Chronic Dis. 2025 Jan 2;22:E02. doi: 10.5888/pcd22.240149. PMID: 39745943; PMCID: PMC11721010. LINK
- *Selected as the first Continuing Medical Education (CME) publication for the CDC Journal: Preventing Chronic Disease.

2024

Borrowman JD, Carr LJ, Pierce GL, Story WT, Gibbs BB, Whitaker KM. Postpartum Remote Health Coaching Intervention for Individuals With a Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy: Proof-of-Concept Study. JMIR Form Res. 2025 Jan 8;9:e65611. doi: 10.2196/65611. PMID: 39780489; PMCID: PMC11735014. LINK
Carr LJ, Marcussen B, Slayman T, Wu Y, Bond DS. Billing for Exercise Is Medicine: An Analysis of Reimbursement Trends for Physical Activity-Related Billing Codes. J Phys Act Health. 2024 Dec 10;22(3):317-322. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2024-0499. PMID: 39657641. LINK
Rogers EM, Banks NF, Trachta ER, Wolf, MS, Berry, AC, Stanhewicz, AE, Carr LJ, Gibbs, BB, and Jenkins NDM. Resistance Exercise Breaks During Prolonged Sitting Augments the Blood Flow Response to a Subsequent Oral Glucose Load in Sedentary Adults. Experimental Physiology. 2024. DOI: 10.1113/EP091535. LINK
Farag, A, Gallagher, J, and Carr, LJ. Examining the Relationship between Nurse Fatigue, Alertness, and Medication Errors. Western Journal of Nursing Research. 2024 Apr;46(4):288-295. LINK
Fabiana, N, Gupta, A, Wong, S, Tran, J, Mohammad, YZ, Bal, S, Fiedorowicz, JG, Firth, J, Stubbs, B, Vancampfort, D, Schuch, FB, Carr, LJ, Shorr, R, Cortese, S, Manchia, M, Hartman, CA, Hoye, A, Fusar-Poli, P, Koyanagi, A, Vieta, E, Nielsen, R, Holt, R, Correll, CU, Rietz, ED, Taipale, H, Lehto, K, Larrson, H, Nordentoft, M, Dragioti, E, Skonieczna-Zydecka, K, and Solmi, M. Physical activity, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and death among individuals with mental or other medical disorders: a systematic review of observational studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2024, Vol 158, 105547. LINK
Rogers EM, Banks NF, Trachta ER, Gibbs BB, Carr LJ, Jenkins NDM. Acceptability of Performing Resistance Exercise Breaks in the Workplace to Break Up Prolonged Sedentary Time: A Randomized Control Trial in U.S. Office Workers and Students. Workplace Health & Safety. 2024 Jun;72(6):234-243. doi: 10.1177/21650799231215814. LINK
Gallagher J and Carr LJ. Internal but Not External Building Design Associated With More Occupational Physical Activity. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal. 2024;17(1):209-223. LINK

2023

Crippes, L, Saxby, S, Farnoosh, S, Bisht, B, Gill, C, Rubenstein, L, Ten Eyck, P, Carr, LJ, Darling, WG, Hoth, K, Kamholz, J, Snetselaar, L, Titcomb, T, and Wahls, T. Diet-induced changes in functional disability are mediated by fatigue in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A secondary analysis of the WAVES randomized parallel-arm trial. Multiple Sclerorsis Journal: Experimental, Translational, and Clinical. 2023, Vol 9, Issue 4. LINK
Moylan, CB, Marcussen, B, Carr, LJ, Daly, JM, and Slayman, TG. Personal and Professional Physical Activity Practices among Sports Medicine Physicians. Current Sports Medicine Reports 22(11):p 387-394, November 2023. LINK
Gallagher J, Bayman EO, Cadmus-Bertram LA, Jenkins NDM, Pearlman A, Whitaker KM, Carr LJ. Physical activity among rural men: Barriers and preferences. Prev Chronic Dis. 2023 Oct 5;20:E88. doi: 10.5888/pcd20.230046 LINK
Fabiana, N, Gupta, A, Fiedorowicz, JG, Firth, J, Stubbs, B, Vancampfort, D, Schuch, F, Carr, LJ, and Solmi, M. The Effect of Exercise on Suicide in Individuals with Mental or Physical Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023. Volume 330, 1 June 2023, Pages 355-366. LINK
Thompson, HG, Whitaker, KM, Young, R, and Carr, LJ. University Stakeholders Largely Unaware and Unsupportive of University Pouring Rights Contracts: A Mixed-Methods Study. Journal of American College Health. 2023, Feb-Mar; 71(2):403-410. LINK

2022

Whitaker KM, Jones MA, Dziewior J, Anderson M, Anderson C, Barone Gibbs B, and Carr, LJ. Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a single-arm, remotely-delivered health coaching intervention to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary time during pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2022. 22:740. LINK
Dziewior, J, Carr, LJ, Pierce, GL, & Whitaker, KM. College students report less physical activity and more sedentary behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of American College Health, 2022. Jul 26;1-9. LINK
Benzo, RM, Farag, A, Whitaker, KM, Xiao, Q, and Carr, LJ. Examining the impact of 12-hour and night shifts on nurses' fatigue: prospective cohort study. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances. (Accepted for publication, 3/2/2022). LINK
Oh, M, Jacobs, DR, Gabriel, KP, Bao, W, Pierce, GP, Carr, LJ, Ding, J, and Whitaker, KM. Longitudinal associations of cardiorespiratory fitness with pericardial adipose tissue. American Journal of Cardiology. Mar 19;S0002-9149(22)00186-2. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.02.031. LINK
Oh M, Jacobs DR, Pettee Gabriel K, Bao W, Pierce GL, Carr LJ, Ding J, Whitaker, KM. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of lifestyle behaviors with pericardial adipose tissue: the MESA study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2022. 54(6), 984-993. LINK
Larson ST, Slayman T, Carr LJ. An FP's guide to exercise counseling for older adults. J Fam Pract. 2022 Sep;71(7):293-316. LINK
Lawrence M, Carr LJ, Hart K, Whitaker KM. Perceived stress and support preferences during bed rest in twin pregnancies: a cross-sectional online survey. Midwifery. 2021;104 (2022):103189. LINK

2021

Gallagher, J and Carr, LJ. Leisure but Not Occupational Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Associated with Better Health. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2021. Nov 1;63(11):e774-e782. LINK
Gallagher, J and Carr, LJ. Response to: Does the dissociated effect of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors on overall health depend on their occupational or leisure setting? Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2021. Nov 1;63(11):e774-e782. LINK
Schneider, AS, Moon, C, Whitaker, KM, Zhang, D, Carr, LJ, Bao, W, and Xiao, Q. Cross-sectional and prospective associations between self-reported sleep characteristics and cognitive function in men and women: The Midlife in the United States Study. Journal of Sleep Research. 2021;00:e13515. LINK
Francis, SL, Simmering, JE, Polgreen, LA, Evans, NJ, Hosteng, KR, Carr, LJ, Cremer, JF, Coe, S, Cavanaugh, JE, Segre, AM, and Polgreen, PM. Gamifying accelerometer use increases physical activity levels of individuals pre-disposed to type II diabetes. Preventive Medicine Reports. 2021, Vol 23, Sept, 101426. LINK
Wahls, T, Titcomb, T, Bisht, B, Ten Eyck, P, Rubenstein, L, Carr, LJ, Darling, WG, Hoth, K, Kamholz, J, and Snetselaar, L. Impact of the Swank and Wahls Elimination Dietary Interventions on Fatigue and Quality of Life in Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis: the WAVES Randomized Parallel-arm Clinical Trial. Multiple Sclerosis Journal: Experimental, Translational and Clinical. 2021, Jul 31;7(3):20552173211035399. LINK
Schneider, AS, Bao, W, Whitaker, KM, Moon, C, Carr, LJ, and Xiao, Q. Association of Sleep with Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease Mortality: NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Journal of Applied Gerontology. 2021 Jun 10;7334648211019207. doi: 10.1177/07334648211019207. LINK
Benzo, RM, Whitaker, KM, Xiao, Q, Farag, A, and Carr, LJ. A Comparison of Occupational Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Patterns of Nurses Working 12-Hour Day and Night Shifts. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2021, Volume 3, November, 100028. LINK
Hosteng, KR, Simmering, JE, Polgreen, LA, Cremer, JF, Segre, AM, Francis, SL, Whitaker, KM, Polgreen, PM, and Carr, LJ. Multilevel mHealth Intervention Increases Physical Activity of Older Adults Living in Retirement Community. Journal of Physical Activity & Health. 2021, 18,7,851-857. LINK
Pottebaum, E, Warmoth, A, Ayyappan, S, Dickens, DS, Jethava, Y, Modi, A, Tomasson, MH, Carr, LJ, and Bates, ML. Wearable monitors facilitate exercise in adult and pediatric stem cell transplant. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. 2021, Jul 1;49(3):205-212 . LINK

2020

Gold, JM, Carr, LJ, Thomas, JG, Burrus, J, O'Leary, KC, Wing, RR, and Bond, DS. Conscientiousness in weight loss maintainers and regainers. Health Psychology, 2020, 39 (5), 421–429. LINK

2019

Karvinen, KH, Brunet, J, and Carr, LJ. (2019) Family history of cancer as a cue to action for physical activity behaviour and beliefs, Psychology & Health. 2020 Aug;35(8):933-945. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1693570.
Hosteng, KR, Reichter, AP, Simmering, JE, and Carr, LJ. Uninterrupted Classroom Sitting is Associated with Increased Discomfort and Sleepiness Among College Students. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2019 Jul; 16(14): 2498. Published online 2019 Jul 13. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16142498.
Welk, GJ, Bai, Y, Lee, J, Godino, J, Saint-Maurice, PF, and Carr, LJ. Standardizing analytic methods and reporting in activity monitor validation studies: Guidelines to advance research and practice. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2019 Aug;51(8):1767-1780. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001966.

2018

Gremaud, AL, Carr, LJ, Simmering, JE, Evans, NJ, Crember, JF, Segre, AM, Polgreen, LA, and Polgreen, PM. (2018) Gamifying Accelerometer Use Increases Physical Activity Levels of Sedentary Office Workers. Journal of the American Heart Association. 7(13):e007735 . LINK
Polgreen, L, Anthony, C, Carr, LJ, Simmering, J, Evans, NJ, Foster, E, Segre, AM, Cremer, J, and Polgreen, PM. (2018) The Effect of Automated Text Messaging and Goal Setting on Pedometer Adherence and Physical Activity in Patients with Diabetes, a Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS One. May 2;13(5):e0195797. LINK
Benzo, RM, Kruse, NT, Hughes, WE, Casey, DP, and Carr, LJ. (2018) Acute Effects of Interrupting Sitting on Discomfort and Alertness of Office Workers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Sep;60(9):804-809. LINK
Kruse, NT, Hughes, WE, Benzo, RM, Carr, LJ and Casey, DP. (2018) Workplace Strategies to Prevent Sitting-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Apr;50(4):801-808. LINK
Wahls, T, Scott MO, Alshare Z, Rubenstein L, Darling W, Carr LJ, Smith K, Chenard CA, LaRocca N, Snetselaar L. (2018) Dietary approaches to treat MS-related fatigue: comparing the modified Paleolithic (Wahls Elimination) and low saturated fat (Swank) diets on perceived fatigue in persons with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. Jun 4;19(1):309. LINK

2017

Jerome, M, Baquero, B, Janz, KJ, and Carr, LJ. (2017) Introducing Sit-stand Desks Increases Classroom Standing Time among College Students. Preventive Medicine Reports. 8, 232-237. LINK
Jao, YL, Gardner, S and Carr, LJ. (2017) Measuring Weight-bearing Activities in Patients with Previous Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Journal of Wound Ostomy and Continence Nursing. 44(1):34-40. LINK
Larsen, B, Carr, LJ, Dunsiger, SI, and Marcus, BH. (2017) Effect of Moderate Intensity Demonstration Walk on Self-Reported Moderate Intensity Physical Activity. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness. 15(1):1-7. LINK

2016

Benzo, RM, Gremaud, AL, Jerome, M and Carr, LJ. (2016) Learning to Stand: The Acceptability and Feasibility of Introducing Standing Desks into College Classrooms. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Aug 15;13(8). LINK
Tucker, S, and Carr, LJ. (2016) Translating physical activity evidence to hospital settings: A call for culture change. Clinical Nurse Specialist. Jul/Aug; 30;4;208-15. LINK
Carr, LJ, Dunsiger, SI, and Marcus, BH. (2016) Long-term Surveillance of Physical Activity Habits of Latinas enrolled in a 12 month Physical Activity Intervention. Journal of Physical Activity and Health. Jul;13(7):740-6. LINK
Carr, LJ, Swift, M, Ferrer, A, and Benzo, RM. (2016) Cross-sectional Examination of Long-term Access to Sit-stand Desks in a Professional Office Setting. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 50(1):96-100. LINK
Carr, LJ, Leonhard, C, Tucker S, Fethke N, Benzo, RM, and Gerr, F. (2016) Total Worker Health™ Intervention Increases Activity of Sedentary Workers. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 50(1):9-17. LINK

2015

Manini, T, Carr, LJ, King, AC, Marshall, S, Robinson, TN and Rejeski, WJ. (2015) Interventions to Reduce Sedentary Behavior. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 47(6):1306-10 LINK

2014

Maeda H, Quartiroli, A, Vos, PW, Carr LJ, and Mahar, MT. (2014) Feasibility of retrofitting a university library with active workstations to reduce sedentary behavior. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 46(5):525-528. LINK
Voss, MW, Carr, LJ, Clark, R, Weng, T. (2014) Revenge of the "sit" II: Does lifestyle impact neuronal and cognitive health through distinct mechanisms associated with sedentary behavior and physical activity? Mental Health and Physical Activity. 2014; 7(1):9-24. LINK
Carr, LJ, Maeda, H, Luther, B, Rider, P, Tucker, S and Leonhard, C. (2014) Acceptability and Effects of a Seated Active Workstation During Sedentary Work: A Proof of Concept Study. International Journal of Workplace Health Management. 2014; 7(1):2-15. LINK
Karvinen K, and Carr LJ. (2014) Does the Perception that God Controls Health Outcomes Matter for Health Behaviors? Journal of Health Psychology. 2014;7(1):2-15. LINK

2013

Carr, LJ, Karvinen, K, Peavler, M, Smith, R and Cangelosi, K. (2013) Multicomponent Intervention to Reduce Daily Sedentary Time: A Randomised Controlled Trial. BMJ Open. 3: e003261. LINK
Jilcott-Pitts, SB, Carr, LJ, Brinkley, J, Byrd, JL, Crawford, T and Moore, JB. (2013) Associations between Neighborhood Amenity Density and Health Indicators among Rural and Urban Youth. American Journal of Health Promotion. Sep-Oct;28(1):e40-3. LINK
Karvinen, K, Carr, LJ and Stevinson, C. (2013) Resources for Physical Activity in Cancer Centers in the United States. Cancer Journal of Oncology Nursing. Dec;17(6):E71-6. LINK
Carr, LJ, Dunsiger, SI, Lewis, B, Ciccolo, JT, Hartman, S, Bock, BC, Dominick, G, & Marcus, BH. (2013) Randomized Controlled Trial Testing the Efficacy of an Internet Physical Activity Intervention for Sedentary Adults. Health Psychology. 32(3):328-36. LINK

2012

Carr LJ, Walaska K, and Marcus BH. (2012) Feasibility of a Portable Pedal Exercise Machine for Reducing Sedentary Time in the Workplace. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 46(6):430-435. LINK
Carr LJ and Mahar MT. (2012) Accuracy of Intensity and Inclinometer Output of Three Activity Monitors for Identification of Sedentary Behavior and Light Intensity Activity. Journal of Obesity, Volume 2012, Article ID 460271, 9 pages, 201. LINK
Carr LJ and Dunsiger, SI. (2012) Search Query Data to Monitor Interest in Behavior Change: Application for Public Health. PLoS ONE. 7(10): e48158. LINK
Jilcott SB, McGuirt JT, Carr LJ, Wu Q, and Keyserling TC. (2012) Associations between body mass index, shopping behaviors, amenity density, and characteristics of the neighborhood food environment among female adult Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants in eastern North Carolina. Ecology of Food and Nutrition. Nov;51(6):526-41. LINK
Carr LJ. Commentary on Atkin et al. (2012) Non-Occupational Sitting and Mental Well-Being in Employed Adults. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 43(2):149-150.
Barnes J, Behrens TK, Benden ME, Biddle S, Bond D, Brassard P, Brown H, Carr L, Chaput JP, Christian H; et al. (2012) Sedentary Behaviour Research Network. Standardized use of the terms “sedentary” and “sedentary behaviours”. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 37: 540–542, 2012. doi:10. 1139/h2012-024.

2011

Carr LJ, Dunsiger SI, and Marcus BH. (2011) Validation of Walk Score™ for Estimating Access to Walkable Amenities. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 45:1144-1148. LINK

2010

Carr LJ, Dunsiger SI, and Marcus BH. Walk Score as a Global Estimate of Neighborhood Walkability. (2010) American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Nov;39(5):460-3. LINK
Ciccolo JT, Carr LJ, and Krupel K, and Longval J. (2010) The Role of Resistance Training in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Disease. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. July/August. 4(4):293-308. LINK

2009

Carr LJ, Bartee RT, Dorozynski CM and Smith DT. (2009) Eight-month Follow-up of Physical Activity and Central Adiposity: Results from Internet-delivered Intervention in Overweight Adults. Journal of Physical Activity and Health. July;6(4):444-55. LINK
Smith DT, Bartee RT, Carr LJ, and Dorozynski CM. (2009) Prevalence of overweight and out-of-school seasonal periods on body mass index in American Indian schoolchildren. Preventing Chronic Disease. Jan;6(1):A20. LINK
Smith DT, Carr LJ, Dorozynski CM, and Gomashe C. (2009) Internet-delivered Lifestyle Physical Activity Intervention: Limited Inflammation and Antioxidant Capacity Efficacy in Overweight Adults. Journal of Applied Physiology. Jan;106(1):49-56. LINK

2008

Carr LJ, Bartee RT, Dorozynski CM, Broomfield JF, Smith ML and Smith DT. (2008) Internet-delivered Behavior Change Program Increases Physical Activity and Improves Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factors in Sedentary Adults: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Preventive Medicine. 2008. May;46(5):431-8. LINK
Smith DT, Vendela MJ, Bartee RT, and Carr LJ. (2008) Body Mass Index in Rural First Grade Schoolchildren: Progressive Increase in Boys. Journal of Rural Health. 24(1):40-8. LINK

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