Peer-reviewed Publications

"If you have knowledge, let others light their candles in it." - Margaret Fuller

2025

Borrowman JD, Carr LJ, Pierce GL, Story WT, Gibbs BB, Whitaker KM. Development of a Postpartum Physical Activity Intervention After a Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy: The Barrier Analysis. American Journal of Health Behavior. (In press)
VanWiel, LL, Conway, GV, Carr, LJ, Gorzelitz, J, Story, WT, & Whitaker, KM. A qualitative analysis of postpartum women’s experiences with urinary incontinence and physical activity. Midwifery, 2025, 104591, ISSN 0266-6138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2025.104591.
VanWiel L, Conway GV, Carr LJ, Gorzelitz J, Story WT, Whitaker KM. Associations of urinary incontinence with postpartum physical activity: A cross-sectional study. Midwifery. 2025 Sep;148:104535. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2025.104535. Epub 2025 Jul 18. PMID: 40694960.
VanWiel LL, Carr LJ, Bond DS, Wu Y, Tunitsky-Bitton E, Tulikangas P, Steinberg AC, Whitaker KM. Associations of urinary incontinence, physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk among women in the United States. Prev Med. 2025 May;194:108277. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108277. Epub 2025 Apr 3. PMID: 40187659.
Gallagher, J; Bayman, EO, Cadmus-Bertram, LA, Jenkins, NDM, Pearlman, A, Whitaker, KM, and Carr, LJ. A Remote Physical Activity Intervention Tailored to Rural Men: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Translational Journal of the ACSM 10(2):e000288, Spring 2025. | DOI: 10.1249/TJX.0000000000000288
Gallagher J, Bayman EO, Cadmus-Bertram LA, Jenkins NDM, Pearlman A, Whitaker KM, Carr LJ. Formative Study to Inform a Physical Activity Intervention Targeted to Rural Men in the United States. Health Sci Rep. 2025 Feb 19;8(2):e70485. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.70485. PMID: 39980827; PMCID: PMC11840238.
Chapman CG, Schroeder MC, Marcussen B, and Carr LJ. Identifying Patients at Risk for Cardiometabolic and Chronic Diseases by Using the Exercise Vital Sign to Screen for Physical Inactivity. Prev Chronic Dis. 2025 Jan 2;22:E02. doi: 10.5888/pcd22.240149. PMID: 39745943; PMCID: PMC11721010.
- *Selected as the first Continuing Medical Education (CME) publication for the CDC Journal: Preventing Chronic Disease.

2024

Borrowman JD, Carr LJ, Pierce GL, Story WT, Gibbs BB, Whitaker KM. Postpartum Remote Health Coaching Intervention for Individuals With a Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy: Proof-of-Concept Study. JMIR Form Res. 2025 Jan 8;9:e65611. doi: 10.2196/65611. PMID: 39780489; PMCID: PMC11735014.
Carr LJ, Marcussen B, Slayman T, Wu Y, Bond DS. Billing for Exercise Is Medicine: An Analysis of Reimbursement Trends for Physical Activity-Related Billing Codes. J Phys Act Health. 2024 Dec 10;22(3):317-322. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2024-0499. PMID: 39657641.
Rogers EM, Banks NF, Trachta ER, Wolf, MS, Berry, AC, Stanhewicz, AE, Carr LJ, Gibbs, BB, and Jenkins NDM. Resistance Exercise Breaks During Prolonged Sitting Augments the Blood Flow Response to a Subsequent Oral Glucose Load in Sedentary Adults. Experimental Physiology. 2024. DOI: 10.1113/EP091535. LINK
Farag, A, Gallagher, J, and Carr, LJ. Examining the Relationship between Nurse Fatigue, Alertness, and Medication Errors. Western Journal of Nursing Research. 2024 Apr;46(4):288-295.
Fabiana, N, Gupta, A, Wong, S, Tran, J, Mohammad, YZ, Bal, S, Fiedorowicz, JG, Firth, J, Stubbs, B, Vancampfort, D, Schuch, FB, Carr, LJ, Shorr, R, Cortese, S, Manchia, M, Hartman, CA, Hoye, A, Fusar-Poli, P, Koyanagi, A, Vieta, E, Nielsen, R, Holt, R, Correll, CU, Rietz, ED, Taipale, H, Lehto, K, Larrson, H, Nordentoft, M, Dragioti, E, Skonieczna-Zydecka, K, and Solmi, M. Physical activity, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and death among individuals with mental or other medical disorders: a systematic review of observational studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2024, Vol 158, 105547.
Rogers EM, Banks NF, Trachta ER, Gibbs BB, Carr LJ, Jenkins NDM. Acceptability of Performing Resistance Exercise Breaks in the Workplace to Break Up Prolonged Sedentary Time: A Randomized Control Trial in U.S. Office Workers and Students. Workplace Health & Safety. 2024 Jun;72(6):234-243. doi: 10.1177/21650799231215814.
Gallagher J and Carr LJ. Internal but Not External Building Design Associated With More Occupational Physical Activity. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal. 2024;17(1):209-223.

2023

Crippes, L, Saxby, S, Farnoosh, S, Bisht, B, Gill, C, Rubenstein, L, Ten Eyck, P, Carr, LJ, Darling, WG, Hoth, K, Kamholz, J, Snetselaar, L, Titcomb, T, and Wahls, T. Diet-induced changes in functional disability are mediated by fatigue in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A secondary analysis of the WAVES randomized parallel-arm trial. Multiple Sclerorsis Journal: Experimental, Translational, and Clinical. 2023, Vol 9, Issue 4.
Moylan, CB, Marcussen, B, Carr, LJ, Daly, JM, and Slayman, TG. Personal and Professional Physical Activity Practices among Sports Medicine Physicians. Current Sports Medicine Reports 22(11):p 387-394, November 2023.
Gallagher J, Bayman EO, Cadmus-Bertram LA, Jenkins NDM, Pearlman A, Whitaker KM, Carr LJ. Physical activity among rural men: Barriers and preferences. Prev Chronic Dis. 2023 Oct 5;20:E88. doi: 10.5888/pcd20.230046
Fabiana, N, Gupta, A, Fiedorowicz, JG, Firth, J, Stubbs, B, Vancampfort, D, Schuch, F, Carr, LJ, and Solmi, M. The Effect of Exercise on Suicide in Individuals with Mental or Physical Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023. Volume 330, 1 June 2023, Pages 355-366.
Thompson, HG, Whitaker, KM, Young, R, and Carr, LJ. University Stakeholders Largely Unaware and Unsupportive of University Pouring Rights Contracts: A Mixed-Methods Study. Journal of American College Health. 2023, Feb-Mar; 71(2):403-410.

2022

Whitaker KM, Jones MA, Dziewior J, Anderson M, Anderson C, Barone Gibbs B, and Carr, LJ. Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a single-arm, remotely-delivered health coaching intervention to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary time during pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2022. 22:740.
Dziewior, J, Carr, LJ, Pierce, GL, & Whitaker, KM. College students report less physical activity and more sedentary behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of American College Health, 2022. Jul 26;1-9.
Benzo, RM, Farag, A, Whitaker, KM, Xiao, Q, and Carr, LJ. Examining the impact of 12-hour and night shifts on nurses' fatigue: prospective cohort study. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances. (Accepted for publication, 3/2/2022).
Oh, M, Jacobs, DR, Gabriel, KP, Bao, W, Pierce, GP, Carr, LJ, Ding, J, and Whitaker, KM. Longitudinal associations of cardiorespiratory fitness with pericardial adipose tissue. American Journal of Cardiology. Mar 19;S0002-9149(22)00186-2. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.02.031.
Oh M, Jacobs DR, Pettee Gabriel K, Bao W, Pierce GL, Carr LJ, Ding J, Whitaker, KM. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of lifestyle behaviors with pericardial adipose tissue: the MESA study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2022. 54(6), 984-993.
Larson ST, Slayman T, Carr LJ. An FP's guide to exercise counseling for older adults. J Fam Pract. 2022 Sep;71(7):293-316.
Lawrence M, Carr LJ, Hart K, Whitaker KM. Perceived stress and support preferences during bed rest in twin pregnancies: a cross-sectional online survey. Midwifery. 2021;104 (2022):103189.
Schneider AC, Moon C, Whitaker KM, Zhang D, Carr LJ, Bao W, Xiao Q. Cross-sectional and prospective associations between self-reported sleep characteristics and cognitive function in men and women: The Midlife in the United States study. J Sleep Res. 2022 Jun;31(3):e13515. doi: 10.1111/jsr.13515. Epub 2021 Nov 11. PMID: 34766410; PMCID: PMC9081251.
Schneider AC, Moon C, Whitaker K, Zhang D, Carr LJ, Bao W, Xiao Q. Association of Sleep With Risk of Alzheimer's Disease Mortality: NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. J Appl Gerontol. 2022 Apr;41(4):1057-1065. doi: 10.1177/07334648211019207. Epub 2021 Jun 10. PMID: 34109847; PMCID: PMC9131728.

2021

Gallagher, J and Carr, LJ. Leisure but Not Occupational Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Associated with Better Health. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2021. Nov 1;63(11):e774-e782.
Gallagher, J and Carr, LJ. Response to: Does the dissociated effect of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors on overall health depend on their occupational or leisure setting? Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2021. Nov 1;63(11):e774-e782.
Francis, SL, Simmering, JE, Polgreen, LA, Evans, NJ, Hosteng, KR, Carr, LJ, Cremer, JF, Coe, S, Cavanaugh, JE, Segre, AM, and Polgreen, PM. Gamifying accelerometer use increases physical activity levels of individuals pre-disposed to type II diabetes. Preventive Medicine Reports. 2021, Vol 23, Sept, 101426.
Wahls, T, Titcomb, T, Bisht, B, Ten Eyck, P, Rubenstein, L, Carr, LJ, Darling, WG, Hoth, K, Kamholz, J, and Snetselaar, L. Impact of the Swank and Wahls Elimination Dietary Interventions on Fatigue and Quality of Life in Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis: the WAVES Randomized Parallel-arm Clinical Trial. Multiple Sclerosis Journal: Experimental, Translational and Clinical. 2021, Jul 31;7(3):20552173211035399.
Benzo RM, Farag A, Whitaker KM, Xiao Q, Carr LJ. A comparison of occupational physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns of nurses working 12-h day and night shifts. Int J Nurs Stud Adv. 2021 Apr 24;3:100028. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2021.100028. PMID: 38746725; PMCID: PMC11080359.
Hosteng, KR, Simmering, JE, Polgreen, LA, Cremer, JF, Segre, AM, Francis, SL, Whitaker, KM, Polgreen, PM, and Carr, LJ. Multilevel mHealth Intervention Increases Physical Activity of Older Adults Living in Retirement Community. Journal of Physical Activity & Health. 2021, 18,7,851-857.
Pottebaum, E, Warmoth, A, Ayyappan, S, Dickens, DS, Jethava, Y, Modi, A, Tomasson, MH, Carr, LJ, and Bates, ML. Wearable monitors facilitate exercise in adult and pediatric stem cell transplant. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. 2021, Jul 1;49(3):205-212 .

2020

Gold JM, Carr LJ, Thomas JG, Burrus J, O'Leary KC, Wing R, Bond DS. Conscientiousness in weight loss maintainers and regainers. Health Psychol. 2020 May;39(5):421-429. doi: 10.1037/hea0000846. Epub 2020 Jan 30. PMID: 31999176.
Karvinen KH, Brunet J, Carr LJ. Family history of cancer as a cue to action for physical activity behaviour and beliefs. Psychol Health. 2020 Aug;35(8):933-945. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1693570. Epub 2019 Nov 22. PMID: 31757176.

2019

Hosteng KR, Reichter AP, Simmering JE, Carr LJ. Uninterrupted Classroom Sitting is Associated with Increased Discomfort and Sleepiness Among College Students. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jul 13;16(14):2498. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16142498. PMID: 31337001; PMCID: PMC6679029.
Welk, GJ, Bai, Y, Lee, J, Godino, J, Saint-Maurice, PF, and Carr, LJ. Standardizing analytic methods and reporting in activity monitor validation studies: Guidelines to advance research and practice. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2019 Aug;51(8):1767-1780. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001966.

2018

Gremaud, AL, Carr, LJ, Simmering, JE, Evans, NJ, Crember, JF, Segre, AM, Polgreen, LA, and Polgreen, PM. (2018) Gamifying Accelerometer Use Increases Physical Activity Levels of Sedentary Office Workers. Journal of the American Heart Association. 7(13):e007735 .
Polgreen, L, Anthony, C, Carr, LJ, Simmering, J, Evans, NJ, Foster, E, Segre, AM, Cremer, J, and Polgreen, PM. (2018) The Effect of Automated Text Messaging and Goal Setting on Pedometer Adherence and Physical Activity in Patients with Diabetes, a Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS One. May 2;13(5):e0195797.
Benzo, RM, Kruse, NT, Hughes, WE, Casey, DP, and Carr, LJ. (2018) Acute Effects of Interrupting Sitting on Discomfort and Alertness of Office Workers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Sep;60(9):804-809.
Kruse, NT, Hughes, WE, Benzo, RM, Carr, LJ and Casey, DP. (2018) Workplace Strategies to Prevent Sitting-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Apr;50(4):801-808.
Wahls, T, Scott MO, Alshare Z, Rubenstein L, Darling W, Carr LJ, Smith K, Chenard CA, LaRocca N, Snetselaar L. (2018) Dietary approaches to treat MS-related fatigue: comparing the modified Paleolithic (Wahls Elimination) and low saturated fat (Swank) diets on perceived fatigue in persons with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. Jun 4;19(1):309.

2017

Jerome, M, Baquero, B, Janz, KJ, and Carr, LJ. (2017) Introducing Sit-stand Desks Increases Classroom Standing Time among College Students. Preventive Medicine Reports. 8, 232-237.
Jao, YL, Gardner, S and Carr, LJ. (2017) Measuring Weight-bearing Activities in Patients with Previous Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Journal of Wound Ostomy and Continence Nursing. 44(1):34-40.
Larsen, B, Carr, LJ, Dunsiger, SI, and Marcus, BH. (2017) Effect of Moderate Intensity Demonstration Walk on Self-Reported Moderate Intensity Physical Activity. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness. 15(1):1-7.

2016

Benzo, RM, Gremaud, AL, Jerome, M and Carr, LJ. (2016) Learning to Stand: The Acceptability and Feasibility of Introducing Standing Desks into College Classrooms. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Aug 15;13(8).
Tucker, S, and Carr, LJ. (2016) Translating physical activity evidence to hospital settings: A call for culture change. Clinical Nurse Specialist. Jul/Aug; 30;4;208-15.
Carr, LJ, Dunsiger, SI, and Marcus, BH. (2016) Long-term Surveillance of Physical Activity Habits of Latinas enrolled in a 12 month Physical Activity Intervention. Journal of Physical Activity and Health. Jul;13(7):740-6.
Carr LJ, Swift M, Ferrer A, Benzo R. Cross-sectional Examination of Long-term Access to Sit-Stand Desks in a Professional Office Setting. Am J Prev Med. 2016 Jan;50(1):96-100. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.07.013. Epub 2015 Oct 1. PMID: 26437867.
Carr LJ, Leonhard C, Tucker S, Fethke N, Benzo R, Gerr F. Total Worker Health Intervention Increases Activity of Sedentary Workers. Am J Prev Med. 2016 Jan;50(1):9-17. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.06.022. Epub 2015 Aug 7. PMID: 26260492.

2015

Manini TM, Carr LJ, King AC, Marshall S, Robinson TN, Rejeski WJ. Interventions to reduce sedentary behavior. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015 Jun;47(6):1306-10. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000519. PMID: 25222818; PMCID: PMC4362870.

2014

Maeda H, Quartiroli, A, Vos, PW, Carr LJ, and Mahar, MT. (2014) Feasibility of retrofitting a university library with active workstations to reduce sedentary behavior. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 46(5):525-528.
Voss, MW, Carr, LJ, Clark, R, Weng, T. (2014) Revenge of the "sit" II: Does lifestyle impact neuronal and cognitive health through distinct mechanisms associated with sedentary behavior and physical activity? Mental Health and Physical Activity. 2014; 7(1):9-24.
Carr, LJ, Maeda, H, Luther, B, Rider, P, Tucker, S and Leonhard, C. (2014) Acceptability and Effects of a Seated Active Workstation During Sedentary Work: A Proof of Concept Study. International Journal of Workplace Health Management. 2014; 7(1):2-15.
Karvinen K, and Carr LJ. (2014) Does the Perception that God Controls Health Outcomes Matter for Health Behaviors? Journal of Health Psychology. 2014;7(1):2-15.

2013

Carr, LJ, Karvinen, K, Peavler, M, Smith, R and Cangelosi, K. (2013) Multicomponent Intervention to Reduce Daily Sedentary Time: A Randomised Controlled Trial. BMJ Open. 3: e003261.
Jilcott-Pitts, SB, Carr, LJ, Brinkley, J, Byrd, JL, Crawford, T and Moore, JB. (2013) Associations between Neighborhood Amenity Density and Health Indicators among Rural and Urban Youth. American Journal of Health Promotion. Sep-Oct;28(1):e40-3.
Karvinen, K, Carr, LJ and Stevinson, C. (2013) Resources for Physical Activity in Cancer Centers in the United States. Cancer Journal of Oncology Nursing. Dec;17(6):E71-6.
Carr, LJ, Dunsiger, SI, Lewis, B, Ciccolo, JT, Hartman, S, Bock, BC, Dominick, G, & Marcus, BH. (2013) Randomized Controlled Trial Testing the Efficacy of an Internet Physical Activity Intervention for Sedentary Adults. Health Psychology. 32(3):328-36.

2012

Carr LJ, Walaska K, and Marcus BH. (2012) Feasibility of a Portable Pedal Exercise Machine for Reducing Sedentary Time in the Workplace. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 46(6):430-435.
Carr LJ and Mahar MT. (2012) Accuracy of Intensity and Inclinometer Output of Three Activity Monitors for Identification of Sedentary Behavior and Light Intensity Activity. Journal of Obesity, Volume 2012, Article ID 460271, 9 pages, 201.
Carr LJ and Dunsiger, SI. (2012) Search Query Data to Monitor Interest in Behavior Change: Application for Public Health. PLoS ONE. 7(10): e48158.
Jilcott SB, McGuirt JT, Carr LJ, Wu Q, and Keyserling TC. (2012) Associations between body mass index, shopping behaviors, amenity density, and characteristics of the neighborhood food environment among female adult Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants in eastern North Carolina. Ecology of Food and Nutrition. Nov;51(6):526-41.
Carr LJ. Commentary on Atkin et al. (2012) Non-Occupational Sitting and Mental Well-Being in Employed Adults. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 43(2):149-150.
Barnes J, Behrens TK, Benden ME, Biddle S, Bond D, Brassard P, Brown H, Carr L, Chaput JP, Christian H; et al. (2012) Sedentary Behaviour Research Network. Standardized use of the terms “sedentary” and “sedentary behaviours”. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 37: 540–542, 2012. doi:10. 1139/h2012-024.

2011

Carr LJ, Dunsiger SI, Marcus BH. Validation of Walk Score for estimating access to walkable amenities. Br J Sports Med. 2011 Nov;45(14):1144-8. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.069609. Epub 2010 Apr 23. PMID: 20418525; PMCID: PMC4845899.

2010

Carr LJ, Dunsiger SI, Marcus BH. Walk score™ as a global estimate of neighborhood walkability. Am J Prev Med. 2010 Nov;39(5):460-3. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.07.007. PMID: 20965384; PMCID: PMC4845902.
Ciccolo JT, Carr LJ, Krupel KL, Longval JL. The Role of Resistance Training in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Disease. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2009;4(4):293-308. doi:10.1177/1559827609354034

2009

Carr LJ, Bartee RT, Dorozynski CM, Broomfield JF, Smith ML, Smith DT. Eight-month follow-up of physical activity and central adiposity: results from an Internet-delivered randomized control trial intervention. J Phys Act Health. 2009 Jul;6(4):444-55. doi: 10.1123/jpah.6.4.444. PMID: 19842458; PMCID: PMC2820723.
Smith DT, Bartee RT, Dorozynski CM, Carr LJ. Prevalence of overweight and influence of out-of-school seasonal periods on body mass index among American Indian schoolchildren. Prev Chronic Dis. 2009 Jan;6(1):A20. Epub 2008 Dec 15. PMID: 19080026; PMCID: PMC2644610.
Smith DT, Carr LJ, Dorozynski C, Gomashe C. Internet-delivered lifestyle physical activity intervention: limited inflammation and antioxidant capacity efficacy in overweight adults. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009 Jan;106(1):49-56. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.90557.2008. Epub 2008 Nov 13. PMID: 19008491; PMCID: PMC2636943.

2008

Carr LJ, Bartee RT, Dorozynski C, Broomfield JF, Smith ML, Smith DT. Internet-delivered behavior change program increases physical activity and improves cardiometabolic disease risk factors in sedentary adults: results of a randomized controlled trial. Prev Med. 2008 May;46(5):431-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.12.005. Epub 2007 Dec 15. PMID: 18207228.
Smith DT, Vendela MJ, Bartee RT, Carr LJ. Body mass index in rural first grade schoolchildren: progressive increase in boys. J Rural Health. 2008 Winter;24(1):40-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2008.00135.x. PMID: 18257869.

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