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In addition to supporting eradication, U.S. efforts will focus on bringing security and state services, transportation infrastructure, and alternative livelihoods to the coca-growing regions of Peru, providing incentives for rural farmers to leave the often-dangerous work of coca cultivation in favor of safe and profitable licit livelihoods. Much of this work will be done through INL and USAID programming in the country, as well as continued support for Peru’s National Commission for Development and Life without Drugs (DEVIDA). F. Strengthen Ecuador’s drug control, law enforcement, and developmental initiatives. (Agencies Involved: DOD; DOJ/DEA, OCDETF; DOS; IC; Treasury; USAID; USCG; WHA) Ecuador, although not a cocaine producing country, constitutes one of the primary cocaine trafficking regions in South America. Cocaine is transported from Colombia and across Ecuador’s porous borders to Ecuador’s coast for illegal maritime smuggling. 334 In Ecuador, we will also seek to engage the Ecuadorian government and collaborate in developing a comprehensive counterdrug plan. This approach will focus on augmenting Ecuador’s capacity and capability to surveil, monitor and interdict the illicit movement of drugs over land, air, and sea. It is the U.S. Government’s goal to help Ecuador diminish illicit drug trafficking by increasing seizures in the Ecuadorian Economic Exclusion Zone (EEZ), 8 on the country’s coasts and inland by 50-percent over the next three years. G. Intensify cooperation with India to preemptively address precursor chemical and illicit pharmaceutical diversion, production, and trafficking. (Agencies Involved: DHS; DOD; DOJ; DOS; HHS/FDA; IC/NSC; Treasury; USAID; USPIS) India represents a potential source for precursor chemicals used to make synthetic drugs. India is the leading generic drug manufacturer in the world. This commercial 8 Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) as defined by United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Part V. https://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/unclos_e.pdf. Based on United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO, the Ecuador EEZ covers approximately 1,150,000 squared km, which is approximately 200nm off the contiguous coast of Ecuador and the area surrounding the Galapagos (approximately 600nm off the coast). http://msp.ioc-unesco.org/world-applications/americas/ecuador/ « « « « « « 90 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY infrastructure, and the combination of technical expertise and chemical source supplies in India, is exploited by drug traffickers to source synthetic drugs and precursor chemicals destined for markets in the United States and other regions globally. The United States Government and the Government of India (GOI) understand the importance of counternarcotics engagement and regular consultation on narcotics matters. The creation of the Counternarcotics Working Group (CNWG) and the development of a bilateral framework demonstrates our shared commitment to strengthening meaningful partnership and engagement between our two nations. This bilateral framework will allow the USG and the GOI to work together on curtailing the production of narcotics, reducing drug related crime, expanding the awareness of the dangers of illicit substance and its associated harms, and will build on the existing bilateral relationship between both countries. H. Support international partners as they address drug production and interdiction issues across the global drug market. (Agencies Involved: DHS; DOD; DOJ; DOS; IC) The global illicit drug market has resulted in an increasingly large number of countries that are not directly involved in drug trafficking into, and use in the United States, but which play substantial roles in the global flow of illicit drugs and precursor chemicals. The illicit drug industries in these nations, be it manufacturing or trafficking and transshipment, provide substantial illicit operating capital to TCOs that affect the United States directly and indirectly by their range of illegal activities, including bribery and corruption of government officials. We must be mindful of the transshipment roles played by Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador, forming the Northern Triangle, along with the destabilizing effects drug trafficking organizations have in these countries. 335 Similarly, Golden Triangle nations Thailand, Laos, and Burma and countries like Afghanistan serve as points of origin and transshipment for drugs including heroin, hashish, and methamphetamine bound for markets worldwide. It is also imperative that we maintain a vigilant eye on illicit narcotics flows throughout the Middle East, Africa, Europe, and Asia, as well as the possible emergence of new TCOs. For example, the new Afghan government’s ultimate posture on illicit drug production and trafficking remains to be seen, which leave open the possibility that a permissive environment for TCOs will develop. The United States must identify and engage like-minded nations as partners to confront illicit drug manufacturing and trafficking world-wide and deny TCOs safe havens from which to ply their trade. Bilateral agreements that enhance coordination and cooperation amongst law enforcement agencies of partner nations should be prioritized. Moreover, the United 

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