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behaviors, an array of social determinants of these behaviors. This age cohort requires prevention services in multiple modalities and settings including colleges and universities, workplaces, vocational training programs, military services, homeless and runaway programs, correctional facilities (e.g., college health centers, primary care centers), and general health care settings. A. Encourage mental health and substance use and misuse screening for young adults in health care settings. (Agencies Involved: HHS/CMS, HRSA, SAMHSA) Providing information and technical assistance to health care providers, colleges and universities, employee assistance programs, and other providers that serve young adults can expand awareness and access to critical screening. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) required plans and issuers that offer dependent child coverage to make the coverage available until the adult child reaches the age of 26. In addition, ACA expanded coverage via expanded Medicaid and the ACA marketplaces for young adults unable to stay on their parents plan. This expands coverage for many young adults to access important screening, care, and referral to services. Given the high prevalence of SUD among young adults, as well as co-occurring mental illness, it is important for health professionals to: conduct regular screenings to identify substance use and misuse; assess mental health disorder(s); and refer individuals to clinically appropriate prevention and treatment interventions in a timely manner. HHS should assess its current support for behavioral health screening and explore opportunities to expand its efforts. B. Educate newly licensed drivers on the risks and harms of substance use. (Agencies Involved: DOT/NHTSA; HHS/CDC, SAMHSA) Age requirements for obtaining a driver’s license differ from state to state. According to the Governors Highway Safety Association, most states grant full driver’s licensure between the ages of 16-18 years. This graduated license process provides opportunities to disseminate information, tools, and resources to teens and young adults about the harms of substance use.110 Partnerships between state Departments of Health and Motor Vehicle Agencies can ensure up to date information about the risks and harms of substance use are disseminated to applicants in preparation for licensure, as well as when full driver’s licenses are issued. Federal agencies should encourage states to leverage Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant (SAPT) funds to partner with the Department of Motor Vehicles to reach a majority of young adults with information and messages to prevent substance use. C. Encourage evidence-based employer-based wellness programs. (Agencies Involved: HHS/ACF, CDC, SAMHSA; Labor; Treasury/IRS) According to the Department of Labor, a Drug-Free Workplace program consist of several core components: written policy; employee education; supervisor training; employee assistance program (EAP); and drug testing. Although drug testing receives significant attention in federal policy, employee education and assistance are equally important. Given the unique patterns of substance use among the young adult population, « « « « « « 26 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY tailoring efforts to address this group’s substance use and mental health needs is especially important. Wellness programs offer tools to foster healthy nutrition, physical activity, stress management, lifestyle coaching, incentive programs, counseling, and a myriad of other services to address risk and resiliency factors among employees.111 In addition to outlining employer’s rules and expectations, a program focused on nurturing employee wellness can help increase productivity, morale, and overall safety of the workplace. The Society for Hunan Resource Management provides guidance to employers on developing wellness programs to promote overall wellness. SAMHSA also provides resources to assist employers in establishing Drug-Free Workplace programs. Federal agencies should encourage public and private sector employers to adopt federally-funded workplace wellness programs via on-line classes or expand wellness programs, especially making assertive efforts where young adults enter the workforce. SAMHSA’s Wellness Initiative highlights several dimensions of a multifaceted approach to improving overall wellness that can be integrated into workplace programs.112 Apprenticeship, fellowship, and college internship programs have particular opportunities to target young adults for information and services to prevent substance use and promote health and wellness. D. Raising awareness of substance use harms in the collegiate community. (Agencies Involved: ED; HHS/NIH, SAMHSA) Each year, millions of students begin their collegiate journey away from the routines and oversight of parents or caregivers. In addition to promoting policies to discourage underage drinking and tobacco use, many colleges and universities incorporate information about the dangers of substance use into student orientation. Several federal resources are available to assist colleges and universities in raising awareness among students. SAMHSA provides a resource guide to Substance Misuse Prevention for Young Adults with elements to guide initiatives to reach college- 

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