1977 - Renée Richards: One of the first openly transgender professional athletes, Richards was banned from the US Open in 1976 for being a trans woman. She sued the US Tennis Association, and the New York Supreme Court ruled in her favor because she had undergone sex reassignment surgery. Her fight is seen as the first major debate of this issue in professional sports. (Wertheim)
2003 - First international Policy: The International Olympic Committee established its first policy regarding transgender athletes, ruling they were allowed to compete if they had undergone both sex reassignment surgery and hormone therapy. In 2015, this policy was modified by removing the surgery requirement. (Stanton)
2020 - Laurel Hubbard: The first openly transgender athlete to compete in the Olympics, weightlifter Laurel Hubbard, sparked controversy online during the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. Although she did not win any medals, many see her participation as a key moment in bringing this issue to a global audience and sparking a political movement against trans people in sports. (Chappell)
Today, the subject of transgender people in sports faces much political heat both internationally and in the US. The issue is unique in that it strikes a divide and criticism not just between major political parties, such as the Democrats or the Republicans; the topic carries such political stigma that it divides even leftists into taking more conservative approaches, with every individual seemingly having their own independent opinion on the subject. Many who claim to be "leftist feminists" see the issue as an attack on female sports and campaigning against trans women in sports of all ages in the name of "protecting girls". Even though trans people make up only 1-2% of the US population, trans people make up approximately 0.002% of college athletes (10/500,000) and 0.001% of Olympians (Migdon); the topic has inspired much political and organizational legislation, undergoing many attacks from the Trump administration in particular. Ahead of the 2028 Olympic Games, the International Olympic Committee has faced significant pressure to ban trans-athletes' participation in the games, with many expecting further restrictions to be implemented.