The Jacobsen group collaborates with NASA, ICON Technology Inc., and interdisciplinary research teams through NASA's Moon to Mars Planetary Autonomous Construction Technology (MMPACT) program to investigate how lunar regolith can be transformed into durable construction materials for future lunar infrastructure. Our work focuses on characterizing materials made with the Vitreous Multi-material Transformation (VMX) process, a laser-based additive manufacturing process that melts lunar regolith to fabricate landing pads, roads, and other critical infrastructure directly from materials already present on the Moon. My research uses advanced electron microscopy techniques, including SEM, EDS, and EBSD, to characterize the microstructure, mineralogy, and crystallographic textures that develop during printing. By linking processing conditions to the resulting material properties, we aim to optimize lunar construction methods that will support autonomous, long-term human exploration beyond Earth while reducing the need to transport building materials from Earth.
In 2025, the Jacobsen Group had the opportunity to visit ICON Technology in Austin, Texas, to observe firsthand how Vitreous Multi-material Transformation (VMX), a laser-based 3D printing process, is used to fabricate structures from lunar regolith simulants under simulated lunar conditions. During the visit, we were able to see the vacuum chamber where printing experiments are conducted and gained valuable insight into the engineering and manufacturing processes that support NASA's vision for autonomous lunar construction. Seeing the VMX process in action strengthened the connection between our laboratory-based materials characterization and the real-world applications of building infrastructure for future human exploration of the Moon.
This research was featured in a WGN News broadcast highlighting Northwestern's collaboration with NASA and industry partners to study lunar soil for future Moon missions. The segment showcased how advanced microscopy and laser-based manufacturing technologies could enable the construction of lunar infrastructure, such as landing pads and roads, using materials already present on the Moon.