Publications

See my SSRN author page for all publicly available (working) papers. Please feel free to reach out for me for a copy of any of the papers in case they are behind a paywall.

Published papers and book chapters

2025

• den Boer, A. en Klein, T. (2025), 'Haperende concurrentie op de Nederlandse spaarmarkt? Bevindingen van de ACM onder de economische loep', Mededingingsrecht in Praktijk (link)

• Barros, L., Klein, T., Kümmel, S., and Noviello, I. (2025), 'Market definition under the EC Market Definition Notice: substitutability versus homogeneous conditions of competition', Journal of Antitrust Enforcement (link)

• Doorduin, A-J., Klein, T., de Valois Turk, M. en Rosenboom, N. (2025), 'Kroniek economie in het mededingingsrecht 2024', Markt en Mededinging (link)

2024

• Barros, L., Klein, T., de Valois Turk, M. en Rosenboom, N. (2024), 'Kroniek economie in het mededingingsrecht 2023', Markt en Mededinging (link)

• Batra, M., de Bijl, P., and Klein, T. (2024), 'Ecosystem theories of harm in EU merger control: analysing competitive constraints and entrenchment', Journal of European Competition Law & Practice (link)

• Dahan, R. en Klein, T. (2024), 'Kleine overnames vereisen grotere bevoegdheden', Economische & Statistische Berichten (link)

• Gastal, R. and Klein, T., (2024), 'Exclusivity and exclusion in sports: an economic appraisal following the judgments in European Superleague and International Skating Union', Competition Law Journal (link; SSRN working paper version: link)

• Greene Morales, E. and Klein, T. (2024), 'Mergers: coordinated effects', Elgar Encyclopedia on the Economics of Competition and Regulation (link)

• Klein, T. (2024), 'Exclusiviteit en uitsluiting in de sport: een economische duiding van de arresten van het Hof van Justitie in ESL en ISU', Markt en Mededinging (link)

• Klein, T. and Neurohr, B. (2024), 'The cost coordination theory of harm and the EU trucks case', European Competition Journal, (link)

• Tuinstra, A. en Klein, T. (2024), 'Economie in het consumentenrecht: kansen en risico’s', Markt en Mededinging (link)

2023

• Barbera, A., Fajardo Acosta, N., and Klein, T., (2023), 'The role of the AEC principle and tests in a dynamic and workable effects-based approach to abuse of dominance', Journal of European Competition Law & Practice (link)

• Klein, T. and Neurohr, B. (2023), 'Should private exchanges of list price information be presumed to be anticompetitive?', Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, (link)

2022

• Barros, L., Klein, T., Shchepetova, A., and Hogg, T. (2022), 'The rise of dark patterns: does competition law make it any brighter?' Competition Law Journal (link)

• Dewulf, S., Klein, T., Mell, A., and Shchepetova, A. (2022), 'EU and UK vertical merger control: what’s the state of play?', Journal of European Competition Law & Practice (link)

2021

• Barros, L. en Klein, T.  (2021), 'De rol van interventiedrempels en effectenanalyse in de Digital Markets Act', Markt en Mededinging (link)

• Descamps, A., Klein, T., and Shier, G. (2021), 'Algorithms and competition: the latest theory and evidence', Competition Law Journal (link)

• Klein, T. (2021), 'Autonomous algorithmic collusion: Q-learning under sequential competition',  The RAND Journal of Economics (link)

2020

• Klein, T. (2020), '(Mis)understanding algorithmic collusion', Antitrust Chronicle, July (link)

• Klein, T. (2020), 'Digitale prijskaartje niet per se in belang van consument', Economische en Statistische Berichten, februari (link)

• Klein, T., van der Noll, R. en Sviták, J. (2020), 'Prijsalgoritmes, machine learning en mededinging', in: Haan, M. and Schinkel, M.P. (Eds). Preadviezen mededingingsbeleid, Amsterdam: Koninklijke Vereniging voor Staatshuishoudkunde (link)

Oxera Agenda publications

• Exclusive dealing and foreclosure in EU sports: unpacking the economics in the European Court of Justice’s 2023 Christmas gift (12 January 2024)

• Striking a balance: legal and economic scrutiny of exclusive dealing in EU sports (30 June 2023)

• Taking notice and looking ahead: a new draft market definition notice for the EU (28 February 2023)

• Fighting inflation with competition: the right tool for the job? (21 December 2022)

• The ups and downs of vertical merger control: what’s the current state of play? (27 May 2022)

• Anticipating future public policy changes in environmental cost–benefit analysis (30 March 2022)

• Intel and the AEC test: 'Do. Or do not. There is no try.' (24 February 2022)

• Conglomerate mergers: are theory and practice aligned (27 January 2022)

• Bits of advice: the true colours of dark patterns (26 November 2021)

• Package deal: why the Airtours criteria are also relevant for understanding cartels (27 October 2021)

• Bits of advice: how to regulate data access (28 September 2021)

• When to give the green light to green agreements (13 September 2021)

• Non-fungible, non-tangible, still valuable? (22 July 2021)

• The role of sustainability in merger control (16 April 2021)

• The risks of using algorithms in business: artificial price collusion (26 November 2020)

Dutch language opinion articles

• Klein, T., Schinkel, M.P. en van Tartwijk, S. (2024), 'Graaiflatiespoken zien', Economische en Statistische Berichten, januari (link)

• Klein, T. (2024), 'Grootbanken zijn niet debet aan stilzwijgende kartelvorming – kijk eerst naar de luie spaarders', FD, augustus (link)

• Klein, T. (2023), '’Graaiflatie’ los je niet op met een moreel appel, maar met belastingen', FD, maart (link)

• Klein, T. (2020), 'Wie macht van Google wil aanpakken, moet met meer komen dan geldboetes', FD, oktober (link)