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A goiter (also spelled goitre) is an enlarged thyroid gland caused by an iodine deficiency.
Without iodine, the thyroid cannot make its hormones (T3 and T4).
As a result, the anterior pituitary continues to secrete TSH to the thyroid gland.
This ongoing stimulation causes the thyroid gland to increase in size.
Read more about the causes, symptoms, and treatment of goiters at the Mayo Clinic website (click here).
Figure 11. A goiter (enlarged thyroid gland)
An underactive thyroid gland resulting in hypothyroidism; www.scientificanimations.com; CC BY-SA 4.0; https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hypothyroidism.jpg
Hashimoto’s disease is an autoimmune disease that attacks otherwise healthy thyroid tissue, resulting in hypothyroidism. Read more about the causes, symptoms, and treatment of Hashimoto’s disease at the Mayo Clinic website (click here).
Hyperthyroidism is caused by an overactive thyroid. Read more about the causes, symptoms, and treatment of hyperthyroidism at the Mayo Clinic website (click here).
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