Tense and Aspect

All particles used to describe tense and time (as listed below) are unbound morphemes, so they can be attached to the end of a core to describe the time that the core exists in or can be used alone.

Here is a list of all of the tense particles in sadreil:

"Aspect is a grammatical category that expresses how an action, event, or state, denoted by a verb, extends over time. " -Wikipedia

Aspect IS DIFFRENT from tense, describing more than just a general time frame but stating what state the object or action is in during said time period.

Types of aspect (in sadreil):

• /fin/ Perfective: A fully completed action
  • itavufin
    • Go + Past + Perfective
      • Went and arrived
• /ma/ Inperfective: An incomplete action
  • itavuma
    • Go + Past + Imperfective
      • Went though did not arrived
• /es/ Progressive: An action being completed (Still in process at stated time)
  • itavues
    • Go + Past + Progressive
      • Left and going (in past)
• /ja/ Inchoative: An action that is being begun at stated time
  • itavuja
    • Go + Past + Inchoative
      • Began going

How to: Functionally, it does not matter which comes first (the aspect or tense morpheme), though traditionally the tense morpheme comes first just because of tradition. It also makes words more predictable and recognizable to have a semi-constancy.

It is noteworthy that some combinations of aspect and tense will be very rare; an example of this would be /pjel/ ("always" tense) and /fin/ (perfective aspect). This is because to be perfective means to be completed and to be completed implies that at some point to be in the process of being done or completed. /pjel/ however means always, so the combination of always and completed seems, in most scenarios, inherently contradictory. It however is not gramatically incorrect, just in most cases logically contradictory. An example of when /pjel/ and /fin/ may be used together would be in a riddle, such as:

ceiə pwiəesθwazɔes runa?

θwi, jeivjə