The Feminism Of “The Bell Jar” (An In-Depth Analysis)
The Feminism Of “The Bell Jar” (An In-Depth Analysis)
Article by Merle Grunert 10a (Published 10.11.2023)
“Piece by piece, I fed my wardrobe to the night wind, and flutteringly, like a loved one's ashes, the grey scraps were ferried off, to settle here, there, exactly where I would never know, in the dark heart of New York.”
“The Bell Jar” is often mistaken for fiction and reads like fiction, but the meaningful creation of it has a much deeper origin than just being some story. In her first and last novel which she published under a pseudonym in 14. January 1963 a few weeks before committing suicide, Sylvia Plath is able to convey her own feelings while addressing the oppressive conditions women lived in during the 1950s and 60s.
The setting of the book frequently changes whenever a new chapter begins, but the book can roughly be divided into three stages: The first being twelve young women winning a fashion magazine contest and being gifted internships in New
York for a month. Furthermore, we are introduced to the main character character Esther and the early stages of the conflict; Esther’s battle with mental health and stability, while living in a man-led, oppressive world.
In the second stage, Esther is confronted with a person from her past Buddy Willard, which causes many past conflicts and memories to resurface, causing the main conflict to branch out into sub-conflicts.
The third and final stage deals with Esther’s admission into a mental institution and the final steps leading up to that point.
Even though one might be able to segregate these parts of the book the reader is often left confused by where exactly Esther is located because of her jumping to different settings within paragraphs. This is not due to lazy writing but due to Plath trying to show the reader how focused Esther is on herself and how she will shut out people in her life and stay in her own “bubble”.
The first part of “The Bell Jar” is arguably the most significant segment of the book, since most of the conflict is introduced and the grounds for the rest of the book are laid out.
However, every other part of the book shows different sides of the conflict and constantly adds to the conflict and thus to the plot.
When analysing “The Bell Jar” one can easily tell that the way in which Esther is introduced is quite definitive. While being introduced to Esther's character we
are simultaneously introduced to a friend she makes during the internship: Doreen; she is the exact opposite of Esther and is represented as a “liberated” woman in her time. She is outgoing and unfazed by other's opinions, even though many might look down on her. She doesn’t care for the upkeep of a permanent partner, she goes partying (often even alone) and doesn’t want to follow the gender roles of her time (which might be the only thing Esther and her share, though the execution of that belief is very different).
Esther, on the contrary, keeps to herself more and has a darker more reserved personality.
Because Esther's introduction is met with such a harsh opposite of Doreen's character, Esther's sorrows and insecurities are highlighted from the start.
Though Doreen is never mentioned by name after the end of the internship, Esther's character does change after meeting her, as she learns to let go on multiple occasions throughout the book while clearly displaying traits of Doreen. But that admiration of Doreen doesn’t always benefit her either, since it was perilous at the time and at times made her even more of a target for men to project their ideologies onto her.
The quote at the start of the article is an excerpt from the ninth chapter of “The Bell Jar” in which an issue is addressed that many women at the time and now face. In the chapter, Esther is sexually assaulted by a man with the intent to rape her. In this passage, she has gotten back to her hotel room (as this was still during her time as an intern at the magazine) and is taking off the clothes she wore during the assault. The similies and metaphors she uses in this passage are particularly powerful because she is describing her once colourful clothes that once brought her joy as “a loved one's ashes”. Plath is excellent when it comes to using stylistic devices throughout the novel which can only be assumed is because of her past of writing poetry.
Due to most, if not all of it, being actual moments Sylvia Plath experienced makes reading these unbelievably descriptive and detailed passages so difficult for the readers. But even if we don’t find these descriptions appealing and at times even off-putting these things must be said so that we as a society can challenge them.
In closing,“The Bell Jar” is a novel that is, due to its graphic description of female oppression and mental illness, ahead of its time and defies the standards that were set for female writers in the 60s.
Sources:
Plath, S. (1968). The Bell Jar. Heinemann.Temple, E. (2022, January 14). 59 Years of Book Covers for The Bell Jar from All Over the World. Retrieved November 10, 2023,.