1.3 Numbers & time

Toko goes in front of people numbers 2 to 9, for example, tokorua ngā tamariki - there are two children, but in for things we just use the number (with an "e", "kia" etc in front - except for 1 and 10) - kotahi tāku ngeru - I have one cat

Tokohia ngā tāngata - how many people?

Numbers - Tikanga

Numbers starting with 2 to 9 have an "e" in front (unless you are using "kia" or other starter words)

Kotahi  & tekau never have an "e" in front

Kotahi te ngeru - one cat

E rua ngā ngeru - two cats

Tekau ngā ngeru - 10 cats

E hia - how many things?

He aha te utu - what is the cost/price

Ko te aha te utu - what is the cost/price?  E hia te utu - how much is .....

He aha te utu mō te aihikirimi?  How much is the icecream?

E rua tāra = $2

E rua tāra e rima tekau hēneti = $2.20cents

Tekau tāra te utu - the cost/price is $10

Ko te aha te utu mō te āporo?

Ko te toru tāra - $3

Ko te toru tāra te utu - the price/cost is $3

Ko te toru tāra te utu mō te āporo - the apple costs $3

E hia te utu

E hia te utu mō te motokā - How much does the car cost?

E rima tekau mano tāra - $50,000

Practice

More practice

Kia hia? To be how many?

Kia hia ngā hēke?  How many eggs do you want?

Kia rua ngā hēke - to be 2 eggs = I want two eggs

Kia hia ngā kēke?  How many cakes should there be?

Kia kotahi - There should be one

Kia hia ngā wira i te motokā - how many wheels should a car have

Kia whā ngā wira i te motokā - a car should have 4 wheels

Māku, māu, māna, mā ......

For .......   used for "a" category things - kai, inu, mōkai etc.  

Ō category things we use mōku; mōu; mōna; mō kōrua; mō rātou etc) - he motokā mōu - a car for you; he wā mōna? - time for him/her?

Māku - for me

Māu - for you

Māna - for him/her

Mā kōrua - for you two

Mā koutou - for you lot

Mā rāua - for them x 2

Mā rātou - for them x 3+

Mā tāua (for us x 2); mā māua (for us x 2 not person being spoken to)

Mā tātou (for us all x 3+); mā mātou (for us x 3+ but not person being spoken to)

Kia hia ngā rare māku - how many lollies for me

Kia hia ngā pukapuka māu - how many books for you

E hia, Tokohia, Kia hia

Kia hia - practice

Ko te aha te rā - what is the date?

He aha te rā?  What is the date

Ko te rua o Pipiri te rā - it is the 2nd of June.

Traditionally iwi tracked the days via the lunar/solar calendar - so the question would instead be "what is the moon day/night" or what is the moon month - Ko te aha te rā ?  Or, "He aha te wā" - 

He Tangaroa - we are in the moon time of Tangaroa.  

Ko te aha te wāhanga o te tau (what season are we in) - Ko te hōtoke - winter. 

Ko te aha te marama? (what is the month) - Ko te Mahuru (September)

Ko te aha te wā? - what is the time?

Kua rua karaka - it is 2 o'clock

Ko te rua meneti mai i te toru karaka = 2 minutes past 3 o'clock = 3.02

Ko te rima meneti ki te toru karaka = 5 minutes to 3 o'clock

Ko te hauwhā mai i te ono karaka = quarter past six

Ko te hauwhā ki te ono karaka = quarter to six

Ko te haurua mai i te tekau mā rua karaka = half past 12

Ko te haurua mai i te waru karaka i te ata te wā - the time is half past 8 in the morning

ata - morning

ahiahi - afternoon 

pō - night

poupoutanga of te rā = midday

waenganui i te pō; waenga pō = midnight

Most iwi (tribes) list 12 months in the lunar/solar year but the number of months used per year could range from 10 to 13.  These months often started when a particular star appeared and they do not equate with the Western calendar system.  Recently there has been discussion that the month names we use to mean the Western months should be the transliterations (Hānuere, Pepuere, etc) and the traditional month names (lunar calendar) used when meaning the moon/star months.

The Māori lunar/solar calendar contains references to traditional and scientific knowledge associated with navigation, Atua, agriculture, tikanga, whakapapa, and other important mātauranga.  The calendar can be understood as describing the relationships between the sun, moon and stars, and their impact on earthly things.

Each month also had its own name, which sometimes varied between tribes.

Ko Tūtakangahau, a Ngāi Tūhoe chief from Maungapōhatu, provided the ethnographer Elsdon Best with these names and descriptions:

Pipiri (May–June)

Ka pipiri ngā mea katoa i te whenua i te mātao, me te tangata.

All things on earth are contracted because of the cold; likewise man.[1]

Hongonui (June–July)

Kua tino mātao te tangata, me te tahutahu ahi, ka pāinaina. 

Man is now extremely cold, and so kindles fires before which he basks.

Here-turi-kōkā (July–August)

Kua kitea te kainga a te ahi i ngā turi o te tangata. 

The scorching effect of fire on the knees of man is seen.

Mahuru (August–September)

Kua pūmahana te whenua, me ngā otaota, me ngā rākau.  

The earth has now acquired warmth, as also have herbage and trees.

Whiringa-ā-nuku (September–October)

Kua tino māhana te whenua.

The earth has now become quite warm.

Whiringa-ā-rangi (October–November)

Kua raumati, kua kaha te rā.

It has now become summer, and the sun has acquired strength.

Hakihea (November–December)

Kua noho ngā manu kai roto i te kōhanga.

Birds are now sitting in their nests.

Kohi-tātea (December–January)

Kua makuru te kai: ka kai te tangata i ngā kai hou o te tau.

Fruits are now ripe and man eats the new food of the season.

Hui-tanguru (January–February)

Kua tau te waewae o Ruhi kai whenua.

The foot of Ruhi (a summer star) now rests upon the earth.

Poutū-te-rangi (February–March)

Kua hauhake te kai.

The crops are now harvested.

Paenga-whāwhā (March–April)

Kua putu ngā tupu o ngā kai i ngā paenga o ngā māra.

All straw is now stacked at the borders of the plantations.

Haratua (April–May)

Kua uru ngā kai kai te rua, kua mutu ngā mahi a te tangata.

Crops are now stored in pits. The tasks of man are finished.

Ngā Rā o Te Wiki

Iwi had about 33 moon day/night names that were learned, including whih names to drop when the moon cycle was shorter!  Days of the week are comparatively EASY!  There are two main versions:

Monday - Māne  or Rāhina

Tuesday - Tūreri / Rātū

Wednesday - Wenerei or Rāapa

Thursday - Taite or Rāpare

Friday - Paraire or Rāmere

Saturday - Rāhoroi

Sunday - Rātapu

Ko ngā kīanga e pā ana ki te wā - time phrases to say when

Ā tērā tau

Next year

Future (wā kei te heke)

Ā tērā wiki

Next week

Future (wā kei te heke)

āpōpō

tomorrow

Future (wā kei te heke)

ākuanei

soon

Future (wā kei te heke)

ināianei

now

Now (tēnei wā)

inapō

last night

Past (wā hipa)

inanahi

yesterday

Past (wā hipa)

inatahirā

The day before yesterday

Past (wā hipa)

I tērā wiki

Last week

Past (wā hipa)

I tērā tau

Last year

Past (wā hipa)

Ko ngā tohu wā mō ngā kupu mahi - verb tenses - saying when an action happens

ka

Future (unless there is one of the above time phrases in the sentence)

Ka haere ahau - I will go

Kei te

Now / future

Kei te oma ahau - I am running

E _____ ana

Now / future

E oma ana ia - he/she is running

Kua

Past (to now)

Kua haere a Henri - Henri has gone

I te

Past (ing)

I te kōrero te kaiako - the teacher was talking

I

Past

I peke te kurī - the dog jumped