Publications

38. C. Lee†, Y. Jeong†, R.-H. Koo†, Y. Cho†, K. Choi, G. Jung, J. Kim, S. Hong, J. Im, S.-T. Lee, J. Kim, D. Radermacher, W. Shin*, J.-H. Lee*, "Low-frequency noise in CMOS-integrated gas sensors: from a reliability constraint to a selective sensing feature," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 138701 (2025).

37. R.-H. Koo, S. Kim, J. Im, S. Ryu, K. Choi, S.-H. Park, J. Ko, J. Ji, M. Oh, J. Kim, G. Jung, S.-T. Lee, D. Kwon*, W. Shin*, J.-H. Lee*, "Physical correlation between stochasticity and process-induced damage in ferroelectric memory devices," Nano Convergence, 12(1), 1-15 (2025).

36. M. Song†, R.-H. Koo†, J. Kim†*, C.-H. Han, J. Yim, J. Ko, S. Yoo, D.-H. Choe, S. Kim, W. Shin, D. Kwon*, "Ferroelectric NAND for Efficient Hardware Bayesian Neural Networks," Nature Communications, 16(1), 6879 (2025).

35. R.-H. Koo†, W. Shin†*, J. Im†, S. Kim, S. Ryu, G. Jung, J. Kim, S.-H. Park, K. Choi, J. Ko, S.-T. Lee, D. Kwon*, J.-H. Lee*, "Interface percolation and random trap generation in ferroelectric memory: A two-step degradation mechanism explored through low-frequency noise spectroscopy," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 199, 116760 (2025).

34. R.-H. Koo†, W. Shin†*, J. Im, S. Ryu, S. Kim, J. Kim, K. Choi, S.-H. Park, J. Ko, J. Ji, M. Oh, G. Jung, S.-T. Lee, D. Kwon*, J.-H. Lee*, "A universal re-annealing method for enhancing endurance in hafnia ferroelectric memories: Insights from stochastic noise analysis," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 199, 116748 (2025).

33. J. Ko†, J. Im†, J. Kim, W. Shin, R.-H. Koo, S.-H. Park, S. Y. Woo*, J.-H. Lee*, "CMOS-compatible flash-gated thyristor–based neuromorphic module with small area and low energy consumption for in-memory computing," Science Advances, 11(29), eadt8227 (2025).

32. C. Han†, R.-H. Koo†, W. Shin†*, J. Kim, B. Kwak, J. Im, S. Kim, S.-Y. Lee, Y. Kang*, D. Kwon*, "Ultrathin TiO2-interfaced Hafnia Ferroelectric Transistor for Large-Scale Neuromorphic Computing," Nano Energy, 142, 111226 (2025).

31. E. C. Park†, J. Kim†*, J. Ko†, W. Shin†, M.-C. Nguyen, M. Song, K.-R. Kwon, R.-H. Koo, D. Kwon*, "Hafnia-based Ferroelectric Computer Vision System with Artificial Synaptic Array," Nano Energy, 139, 110877 (2025).

30. R.-H. Koo†, W. Shin†*, S. Kim†, J. Kim†, B. Kwak, J. Im, H. Kim, D.-H. Kwon, S. S. Cheema, J.-H. Lee, D. Kwon*, "Low-Frequency Noise Spectroscopy for Navigating Geometrically Varying Strain Effects in HfO2 Ferroelectric FETs," Advanced Science, 12(23), 2501367 (2025).

29. W. Shin†, C.-H. Han†, J. Kim†, R.-H. Koo, K. K. Min*, D. Kwon*, "Effects of Charge Imbalance on Field-induced Instability of HfO2-based Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions," Advanced Electronic Materials, 11(2), 2400299 (2025).

28. W. Shin†, S. Lee†, R.-H. Koo†, J. Kim†, S. Y. Lee*, S.-T. Lee*, "Does a large response suffice?: Thermally stable and low noise Si-doped IZO thin-film transistor-type gas sensors," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 422, 136498 (2025).

2024

27. J. Im†, J. Ko†, J. Hwang, J. Kim, W. Shin, R.-H. Koo, M. Park, S.-H. Park, W. Y. Choi, J.-J. Kim, J.-H. Lee*, "Multifunctional In-Memory Analog-to-Digital Converter for Next-Gen Compute-in-Memory Systems," Advanced Intelligent Systems, 7(5), 2400594 (2024).

26. W. Shin†, J. Y. Lee†, J. Kim†, S. Y. Lee*, S.-T. Lee*, "Low-Frequency Noise Analysis on Asymmetric Damage and Self-Recovery Behaviors of ZnSnO Thin-Film Transistors under Hot Carrier Stress," Discover Nano, 19(1), 187 (2024).

25. J. Kim†, J. Im†, J.-H. Lee*, "Performance Optimization in 3D Flash Memory Cell Stack via Process Variable Engineering," IEEE Electron Device Letters, 45(12), 2395-2398 (2024). [Editors’ Pick]

24. S. W. Kim†, W. Shin†*, R.-H. Koo†, J. Kim†, J. Im, D. Koh, J.-H. Lee, S. S. Cheema*, D. Kwon*, "A new back-end-of-line ferroelectric field-effect transistor platform via laser processing," Small, 21(15), 2406376 (2024). [Front Cover]

23. J. Kim†, E. C. Park†, W. Shin†, R.-H. Koo, C.-H. Han, H. Y. Kang, T. G. Yang, Y. Goh, K. Lee, D. Ha, S. S. Cheema*, J. K. Jeong*, D. Kwon*, "Analog Reservoir Computing via Ferroelectric Mixed Phase Boundary Transistors," Nature Communications, 15(1), 9147 (2024). [Editor’s Highlight & Featured Article]

22. R.-H. Koo†, W. Shin†, G. Jung, J. Kim, S.-T. Lee, J. Im, S.-H. Park, J. Ko, D. Kwon*, J.-H. Lee*, "Strain–Stress Impact on Ferroelectric Devices: A Multilayer Analysis and Optimization Strategy for Neural Networks," ACS Materials Letters, 6(11), 5170-5178 (2024).

21. J. Kim†, E. C. Park†, W. Shin†, R.-H. Koo†, J. Im, C.-H. Han, J.-H. Lee, D. Kwon*, "All-Ferroelectric Spiking Neural Networks via Morphotropic Phase Boundary Neurons," Advanced Science, 11(44), 2407870 (2024).

20. R.-H. Koo†, W. Shin†, J. Kim†, J. Yim, J. Ko, G. Jung, J. Im, S.-H. Park, J.-J. Kim, S. S. Cheema, D. Kwon*, J.-H. Lee*, "Polarization Pruning: Reliability Enhancement of Hafnium-based Ferroelectric Devices for Memory and Neuromorphic Computing," Advanced Science, 11(43), 2407729 (2024).

19. J. Kim, J. Im, J.-H. Lee*, "Thermal Instability Compensation of Synaptic 3D Flash Memory-Based Hardware Neural Networks with Adaptive Read Bias," IEEE Electron Device Letters, 45(11), 2233-2236 (2024).

18. B. Kwak†, J. Kim†, K. Lee, W. Shin*, D. Kwon*, "Low-Frequency Noise Characteristics of Recessed Channel Ferroelectric Field-Effect Transistors," IEEE Electron Device Letters, 45(11), 2118-2121 (2024).

17. J. Im†, J. Kim†, J. Hwang, M. Park, R.-H. Koo, J. Ko, S.-H. Park, W. Y. Choi, J.-H. Lee*, "Vertical AND-type Flash TFT Array Capable of Accurate Vector-Matrix Multiplication Operations for Hardware Neural Networks," IEEE Electron Device Letters, 45(7), 1385-1388 (2024).

16. J. Kim, J. Im, S. Oh, W. Shin, G. Jung, S.-T. Lee, J.-H. Lee*, "Vertical AND-Type Flash Synaptic Cell Stack for High-Density and Reliable Binary Neural Networks," IEEE Electron Device Letters, 45(7), 1369-1372 (2024).

15. J. Kim, J. Im, W. Shin, S. Lee, S. Oh, D. Kwon, G. Jung, W. Y. Choi, J.-H. Lee*, "Demonstration of In-Memory Biosignal Analysis: Novel High-Density and Low-Power 3D Flash Memory Array for Arrhythmia Detection," Advanced Science, 11(26), 2308460 (2024).

14. J. Kim, W. Shin, J. Yim, D. Kwon, D. Kwon*, J.-H. Lee*, "Toward Optimized In-Memory Reinforcement Learning: Leveraging 1/f Noise of Synaptic Ferroelectric Field-Effect-Transistors for Efficient Exploration," Advanced Intelligent Systems, 6(6), 2300763 (2024).

13. W. Shin†, J. Y. Lee†, R.-H. Koo, J. Kim, J.-H. Lee, S. Y. Lee*, S.-T. Lee*, "Unveiled Influence of Sub‐gap Density of States on Low-Frequency Noise in Si-Doped ZnSnO TFTs: Does Correlated Mobility Fluctuation Model Suffice?," Advanced Electronic Materials, 10(2), 2300515 (2024).

2023

12. J. Kim, Y.-T. Seo, W. Shin, W. Y. Choi, B.-G. Park, J.-H. Lee*, "Hardware-based Noisy Deep Q-Networks Using Low-Frequency Noise of Synaptic Devices for Efficient Exploration," IEEE Electron Device Letters, 44(9), 1571-1574 (2023).

2022

11. J. Kim, S. Lee, C.-H. Kim, B.-G. Park, J.-H. Lee*, "Analog synaptic devices applied to spiking neural networks for reinforcement learning applications," Semiconductor Science and Technology, 37(7), 075002 (2022).

10. J. Im†, J. Kim†, H.-N. Yoo, J.-W. Baek, D. Kwon, S. Oh, J. Kim, J. Hwang, B.-G. Park, J.-H. Lee*, "On-chip Trainable Spiking Neural Networks Using Time-To-First-Spike Encoding," IEEE Access, 10, 31263-31272 (2022).

2021

9. H. Kim†, J. Hwang†, D. Kwon, J. Kim, M.-K. Park, J. Im, B.-G. Park, J.-H. Lee*, "Direct Gradient Calculation: Simple and Variation-Tolerant On-Chip Training Method for Neural Networks," Advanced Intelligent Systems, 3(8), 2100064 (2021).

8. J. Kim, D. Kwon, S. Y. Woo, W.-M. Kang, S. Lee, S. Oh, C.-H. Kim, J.-H. Bae, B.-G. Park, J.-H. Lee*, "On-chip trainable hardware-based deep Q-networks approximating a backpropagation algorithm," Neural Computing and Applications, 33(15), 9391-9402 (2021).

7. W.-M. Kang†, D. Kwon†, S. Y. Woo, S. Lee, H. Yoo, J. Kim, B.-G. Park, J.-H. Lee*, "Hardware-based spiking neural network using a TFT-type AND flash memory array architecture based on direct feedback alignment," IEEE Access, 9, 73121-73132 (2021).

6. J. Kim, D. Kwon, S. Y. Woo, W.-M. Kang, S. Lee, S. Oh, C.-H. Kim, J.-H. Bae, B.-G. Park, J.-H. Lee*, "Hardware-based spiking neural network architecture using simplified backpropagation algorithm and homeostasis functionality," Neurocomputing, 428, 153-165 (2021).

2020

5. D. Kwon, S. Lim, J.-H. Bae, S.-T. Lee, H. Kim, Y.-T. Seo, S. Oh, J. Kim, K. Yeom, B.-G. Park, J.-H. Lee*, "On-chip training spiking neural networks using approximated backpropagation with analog synaptic devices," Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14, 423, (2020).

4. S. Y. Woo, K.-B. Choi, J. Kim, W.-M. Kang, C.-H. Kim, Y.-T. Seo, J.-H. Bae, B.-G. Park, J.-H. Lee*, "Implementation of homeostasis functionality in neuron circuit using double-gate device for spiking neural network," Solid-State Electronics, 165, 107741 (2020).

3. J. Kim, C.-H. Kim, S. Y. Woo, W.-M. Kang, Y.-T. Seo, S. Lee, S. Oh, J.-H. Bae, B.-G. Park, J.-H. Lee*, "Initial synaptic weight distribution for fast learning speed and high recognition rate in STDP-based spiking neural network," Solid-State Electronics, 165, 107742 (2020).

2019

2. S. Oh, C.-H. Kim, S. Lee, J. Kim, J.-H. Lee*, "Unsupervised online learning of temporal information in spiking neural network using thin-film transistor-type NOR flash memory devices," Nanotechnology, 30(43), 435206 (2019).

2018