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Prakrthi Swaras
Prakrthi Swaras
'Prakrthi' means 'As it is'. So, in Carnatic music, Prakrthi Swaras define Swaras that have only one form and can not change tune while singing. Shadja (S) and Panchama (P) are the Prakrthi Swaras in the set of seven Swaras.
'Prakrthi' means 'As it is'. So, in Carnatic music, Prakrthi Swaras define Swaras that have only one form and can not change tune while singing. Shadja (S) and Panchama (P) are the Prakrthi Swaras in the set of seven Swaras.
Vikrthi Swaras
Vikrthi Swaras
Except Shadja and Panchama, The other five Swaras come under the category of 'Vikrthi Swaras'. 'Vikrthi' means 'Can change'. In Carnatic music, Vikrthi Swaras define the Swaras that have different forms and can be sung in different tunes while singing. They are- Rishabha (R), Gaandhaara (G), Madhyama (M), Dhaivatha (D) and Nishaada (N).
Except Shadja and Panchama, The other five Swaras come under the category of 'Vikrthi Swaras'. 'Vikrthi' means 'Can change'. In Carnatic music, Vikrthi Swaras define the Swaras that have different forms and can be sung in different tunes while singing. They are- Rishabha (R), Gaandhaara (G), Madhyama (M), Dhaivatha (D) and Nishaada (N).
Vikruti swaras table
Vikruti swaras table
Swara
Swara
Vikruti Variations
Vikruti Variations
Abbreviation
Abbreviation
Notes
Notes
Rishabham
Rishabham
Suddha Rishabham
Suddha Rishabham
Ri1
Ri1
Same pitch position as Suddha Gandharam (Ga1).
Same pitch position as Suddha Gandharam (Ga1).
Chatusruthi Rishabham
Chatusruthi Rishabham
Ri2
Ri2
Same pitch position as Sadharana Gandharam (Ga2).
Same pitch position as Sadharana Gandharam (Ga2).
Shatsruthi Rishabham
Shatsruthi Rishabham
Ri3
Ri3
Same pitch position as Antara Gandharam (Ga3).
Same pitch position as Antara Gandharam (Ga3).
Gandharam
Gandharam
Suddha Gandharam
Suddha Gandharam
Ga1
Ga1
Same pitch position as Suddha Rishabham (Ri1).
Same pitch position as Suddha Rishabham (Ri1).
Sadharana Gandharam
Sadharana Gandharam
Ga2
Ga2
Same pitch position as Chatusruthi Rishabham (Ri2).
Same pitch position as Chatusruthi Rishabham (Ri2).
Antara Gandharam
Antara Gandharam
Ga3
Ga3
Same pitch position as Shatsruthi Rishabham (Ri3).
Same pitch position as Shatsruthi Rishabham (Ri3).
Madhyamam
Madhyamam
Suddha Madhyamam
Suddha Madhyamam
Ma1
Ma1
The lower of the two Madhyamams.
The lower of the two Madhyamams.
Prati Madhyamam
Prati Madhyamam
Ma2
Ma2
The raised form of Madhyamam.
The raised form of Madhyamam.
Dhaivatham
Dhaivatham
Suddha Dhaivatham
Suddha Dhaivatham
Dha1
Dha1
Same pitch position as Suddha Nishadham (Ni1).
Same pitch position as Suddha Nishadham (Ni1).
Chatusruthi Dhaivatham
Chatusruthi Dhaivatham
Dha2
Dha2
Same pitch position as Kaisiki Nishadham (Ni2).
Same pitch position as Kaisiki Nishadham (Ni2).
Shatsruthi Dhaivatham
Shatsruthi Dhaivatham
Dha3
Dha3
Same pitch position as Kakali Nishadham (Ni3).
Same pitch position as Kakali Nishadham (Ni3).
Nishadham
Nishadham
Suddha Nishadham
Suddha Nishadham
Ni1
Ni1
Same pitch position as Suddha Dhaivatham (Dha1).
Same pitch position as Suddha Dhaivatham (Dha1).
Kaishiki Nishadham
Kaishiki Nishadham
Ni2
Ni2
Same pitch position as Chatusruthi Dhaivatham (Dha2).
Same pitch position as Chatusruthi Dhaivatham (Dha2).
Kakali Nishadham
Kakali Nishadham
Ni3
Ni3
Same pitch position as Shatsruthi Dhaivatham (Dha3).
Same pitch position as Shatsruthi Dhaivatham (Dha3).
Meaning of Symbols
Meaning of Symbols
Ṣ or s. = Any Swara with a dot below it signifies that the Swara belongs to the lower octave. The more dots present below the Swara shows that it belongs to even lower octaves (Thaggusthaayi o Mandhrasthaayi).
Ṣ or s. = Any Swara with a dot below it signifies that the Swara belongs to the lower octave. The more dots present below the Swara shows that it belongs to even lower octaves (Thaggusthaayi o Mandhrasthaayi).
S or s = Any swara hving no symbol on it shows that it is in the middle octave (Madhyaasthaayi).
S or s = Any swara hving no symbol on it shows that it is in the middle octave (Madhyaasthaayi).
Ṡ or S= Any Swara with a dot above it signifies that the Swara belongs to the upper octave. The more dots present above the Swara shows that it belongs to even higher octaves (Thaarasthaayi).
Ṡ or S= Any Swara with a dot above it signifies that the Swara belongs to the upper octave. The more dots present above the Swara shows that it belongs to even higher octaves (Thaarasthaayi).
|= A line signifies that a part of the thaala in the Aavartha (Completion of a cycle of thaala) is over and the next part of the thaala begins. When the || symbol is shown, it signifies the completion of an Aavartha.
|= A line signifies that a part of the thaala in the Aavartha (Completion of a cycle of thaala) is over and the next part of the thaala begins. When the || symbol is shown, it signifies the completion of an Aavartha.
P̄= A line over a Swara signifies an extension of the Swara meaning it elongates when people sing it. (Like P̄ pronunciation= Pa-a). This term in Carnatic music is called Aksharakaala or Dheergaswara.
P̄= A line over a Swara signifies an extension of the Swara meaning it elongates when people sing it. (Like P̄ pronunciation= Pa-a). This term in Carnatic music is called Aksharakaala or Dheergaswara.
(,)= The symbol (,) signifies an extension of singing in Swaras at the count of one Swara. even with the condition of a line on top of the Swara. (example:- p, d= pa-a da:: [P̄, d= pa-a-a da]= 3 Swara count for P̄).
(,)= The symbol (,) signifies an extension of singing in Swaras at the count of one Swara. even with the condition of a line on top of the Swara. (example:- p, d= pa-a da:: [P̄, d= pa-a-a da]= 3 Swara count for P̄).
(;)= The symbol (;) signifies an extension of singing in Swaras at the count of two Swara. even with the condition of a line on top of the Swara. (example:- p; d= pa-a-a da:: [P̄; d= pa-a-a-a da]= 4 Swara count for P̄).
(;)= The symbol (;) signifies an extension of singing in Swaras at the count of two Swara. even with the condition of a line on top of the Swara. (example:- p; d= pa-a-a da:: [P̄; d= pa-a-a-a da]= 4 Swara count for P̄).
(;,)= The symbol (;,) signifies an extension of singing in Swaras at the count of three Swara. even with the condition of a line on top of the Swara. (example:- p;, d= pa-a-a da:: [P̄;, d= pa-a-a-a-a da]= 5 Swara count for P̄).
(;,)= The symbol (;,) signifies an extension of singing in Swaras at the count of three Swara. even with the condition of a line on top of the Swara. (example:- p;, d= pa-a-a da:: [P̄;, d= pa-a-a-a-a da]= 5 Swara count for P̄).
(; ;)= The symbol (; ;) signifies an extension of singing in Swaras at the count of four Swara. even with the condition of a line on top of the Swara. (example:- p; ; d= pa-a-a da:: [P̄; ; d= pa-a-a-a-a-a da]= 6 Swara count for P̄).
(; ;)= The symbol (; ;) signifies an extension of singing in Swaras at the count of four Swara. even with the condition of a line on top of the Swara. (example:- p; ; d= pa-a-a da:: [P̄; ; d= pa-a-a-a-a-a da]= 6 Swara count for P̄).
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