Understanding Male Infertility: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

Male infertility is a significant concern that affects many couples struggling to conceive. It accounts for nearly 40-50% of all infertility cases. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and diagnostic methods for male infertility is crucial in finding the right treatment and increasing the chances of conception.

Causes of Male Infertility

Male infertility can be caused by several factors, including:

1. Low Sperm Count (Oligospermia) – A lower than normal sperm concentration in semen, reducing the likelihood of fertilization.

2. Poor Sperm Motility (Asthenozoospermia) – Sperm that do not move efficiently, making it difficult to reach and fertilize the egg.

3. Abnormal Sperm Morphology (Teratozoospermia) – Irregularly shaped sperm that may hinder fertilization.

4. Hormonal Imbalances – Low levels of testosterone and other reproductive hormones affecting sperm production.

5. Genetic Disorders – Conditions like Klinefelter syndrome or Y-chromosome microdeletions impacting fertility.

6. Varicocele – Swollen veins in the scrotum that can overheat the testicles, reducing sperm production.

7. Infections – Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or urinary tract infections affecting sperm health.

8. Lifestyle Factors – Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, drug use, obesity, and stress negatively impacting sperm quality.

9. Exposure to Environmental Toxins – Pesticides, heavy metals, and radiation exposure can harm sperm production.

Symptoms of Male Infertility

Male infertility often goes unnoticed until a couple faces difficulties in conceiving. Some potential symptoms include:

• Difficulty achieving pregnancy despite regular unprotected intercourse.

• Erectile dysfunction or low libido.

• Pain or swelling in the testicles.

• Decreased facial or body hair, indicating hormonal imbalances.

• Abnormal semen characteristics such as low volume or unusual color.

Diagnosis of Male Infertility

A thorough medical evaluation is essential for diagnosing male infertility. The process includes:

1. Medical History and Physical Examination – A fertility specialist evaluates medical background, lifestyle, and any underlying conditions.

2. Semen Analysis – A key test that assesses sperm count, motility, and morphology.

3. Hormonal Testing – Blood tests to check testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels.

4. Genetic Testing – Identifies genetic disorders affecting fertility.

5. Scrotal Ultrasound – Examines testicular health and detects abnormalities such as varicocele.

6. Post-Ejaculation Urinalysis – Checks for retrograde ejaculation, a condition where sperm enters the bladder instead of exiting through the urethra.

Conclusion

Male infertility is a common but treatable condition. Early diagnosis and medical intervention can significantly improve reproductive outcomes. At Surrogacy Centre India, we offer advanced diagnostic techniques and personalized treatment plans to address male infertility. If you or your partner are facing fertility challenges, consult our experts to explore the best solutions tailored to your needs.