Grade 11: Francophone history

Collective rights

Compare and contrast continuities and changes for different groups in Francophone Canada (continuity and change). Key questions:

  • What factors lead to changes or continuities affecting groups of people differently?
  • How do gradual processes and more sudden rates of change affect people living through them? Which method of change has more of an effect on society?
  • How are periods of change or continuity perceived by the people living through them? How does this compare to how they are perceived after the fact?

Sample activity: Compare how different groups benefited or suffered as a result of a particular change.


Building Francophone identity in Canada. Sample topics:

  • Official Languages Act (1969) and its impacts and evolution
  • Development of a Québec identity, and the transition from a French-Canadian identity to various provincial Francophone identities in the aftermath of the Quiet Revolution
  • Influence of the Québec state (e.g., control of the media and education) in promoting a Québec identity at the expense of a French-Canadian one from the Quiet Revolution to the present
  • Development of a bilingual identity from 2000 to the present
  • Involvement of Francophones in the federal government (e.g., Louis H. La Fontaine, Wilfrid Laurier, Louis St-Laurent, Pierre Elliott Trudeau, Jean Chrétien, Jacques Hébert)


Local, regional, and national co-operation and conflicts between different groups, including First Peoples. Sample topics:

  • Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism (1963-68)
  • October Crisis (1970)
  • creation of the Fédération des communautés francophones et acadienne du Canada (1975)
  • Québec independence referendums (1980 and 1995)


Linguistic rights and discriminatory policies in Canada. Sample topics:

  • Official Languages Act (1969)
  • Section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982)