35. Гаджев, С., Иванов, И,Катранджиев, Д., Сандев, Н. & Медникаров, А. (1990). Анатомо-топографски особености на vena epigastrica cranialis superficialis при лактиращи крави. /Summary (EN): Anatomicotopographical characteristics of Vena epigastrica cranialis superficialis in lactating cows. Summary (RU) Резюме: Анатомо-топографические особенности Vena epigastrica cranialis superficialis у лактирующих коров/. Животновъдни науки, 6, 63-66, (BG).
A study was conducted of the anatomicotopographical characteristics of V. epigastrica cranialis superficialis in cows of the breeds Bulgarian Brown cattle (BBC) and Black and White cattle (BWC) through observation, measurement, preparation and sketch. It was found that the vein in topographic aspect indicated breed and individual differences. In 88 % of the studied cows of the breed BWC the vein perforated the abdominal wall most often in the transverse plain passing between the 10th and 11th or 11th and 12th rib. The vein diameter differed to a lesser extent along its length compared to the vein diameter of cows of the breed BBC. The vein of cows of the Bulgarian Brown cattle passed through the abdominal wall of the plain between the 9th and 10th and 10th and 11th rib as observed in 83 % of the cases, however, deviations from those levels were higher. The left and right vein in both breeds terminated in the majority of cases unsymmetrically. In a single case only in cows of BBC the vein anastomosed with V. theracica superficialis. The authors suggested that the vein terminal, the so called “milk well”, represented an adequate site for vein puncture.
Инф. бази данни, в които е реферирана/индексирана публикацията:FAO AGRIS, Google Scholar
36. Атанасов, К. & Гаджев, С. (1995). Случай на вродена Peromelia (Monomelia) posterior dextra при теле. Анатомични и цитогенетични изследвания. /Summary (EN): Случай врожденной Peromelia (Monomelia) posterior dextra у теленка. Анатомические и цитогенетические исследования. Summary (RU) Резюме: A case of congenital peromelia (monomelia) posterior dextra in a calve. Anatomical and cytogenetic analyses/. Животновъдни науки, XXXII, 5-8, 158-161, (BG).
Samples for anatomical and cytogenetic analyses were taken from a female calf having 1/4 blood of Bulgarian Red, 1/4 blood of Black-and-White Dutch and 1/2 blood of Holstein Friesian cattle and suffering from a congenital defect of development. It was found out that in addition to the absence of the free part of the limb, considerable changes were observed in the limb girdle, rump, muscles, blood system and nerves. No metaphase cells with changes in the number and structure of chromosomes and the number of genomes were observed in the preparations for chromosome analysis made of bone marrow blood-forming tissue.
37. Танчев, Св., Кацаров, В., Дойчев, В. & Гаджев, С. (1995). Краниологично проучване на диви и домашни свине и техните хибриди. /Summary (EN): Comparative study of cranium in wild boars, domestic pigs and their hybrids. Summary (RU) Резюме: Кранеологическое исследование диких и домашних свиней и их гибридов/. Животновъдни науки, XXXII, 5-8, 162-164, (BG).
A comparative morphometrical study of craniums of wild and domestic pigs and their hybrids was carried out. It was found out that the long head and straight profile line were the main characteristics of wild boars. The domestic pigs of Swedish Large White breed have short and wide head with broken profile line. The values of cranium traits in hybrids (F1) are intermediate compared to these of wild and domestic pigs. This gives the authors reasons to conclude that cranium characteristics are inherited intermediately, i.e. this is an example of a classical Mendelian inheritance of quantitative traits.
38. Рибарски, Ст., Гаджев, С., Дойчев, В., Стефанов, М. & Кацаров, В. (1997). Сравнителни хистологични проучвания на скелетната мускулатура при диви аборигенни и културни породи прасета. /Summary (EN): Comparative histological studies of skeletal musculature in wild, aboriginal and domestic pigs. Summary (RU) Резюме: Сравнительные гистологические исследования мускулатуры скелета у диких, аборигенных и культурных пород свиней/. Животновъдни науки /приложение/, 23-26, (BG).
Histological studies of m. longissimus thoracis were carried out in wild, aboriginal (East Balkan) and domestic breeds of pigs (Duroc) to find out the diameter of the muscular fibres, the ratio between the main types of fibres and the tissue composition – muscular, connective and fatty tissue. Isolated 'gigantic' muscular fibres were observed in the pigs from the East Bulgarian and Duroc breed. The wild pigs had the thinnest fibres, followed by the aboriginal and the Duroc pigs. The pigs from the Duroc breed had the highest content of muscular tissue and the lowest content of intramuscular fatty tissue. 39. Гаджев, С. & Рибарски, Ст. (1997). Сравнителни анатомични изследвания върху вените на главата при магарето и коня. /Summary (EN): Comparative anatomical studies on head veins of the donkey and the horse/. Ветеринарномедицински науки, XXIX, 1-2, 36-41, (BG).
Veins of the head region of the donkey and the horse demonstrate some special and individual diffierences. Head veins organization of the donkey approximates this of the horse but shows some substantial special and individual distinctions. In the donkey v. submentalis comes out of the facial vein while v. angularis is not present. The lateral nasal vein is present in 17 percent of the cases.
40. Гаджев, С. & Рибарски, Ст. (1997). Сравнителни анатомо-топографски изследвания върху m. stylopharyngeus caudalis при магарето и коня. /Summary (EN): Comparative anatomo-topographic studies on m. stylopharyngeus caudalis in the donkey and the horse/. Ветеринарномедицински науки, XXIX, 1-2, 42-44, (BG).
Musculus stylopharyngeus caudalis shows some special and individual differences from anatomo-topographical point of view. In the two species the terminal part of the muscle consists of two portions - pharyngeal and laryngeal. The lateral nasopharyngeal and sutural parts are better developed than the tubar part. In the horse the sutural and tubar parts are almost equally developed. The two species are possessing only prethyroid part of the laryngeal portion.
41. Гаджев, С. & Дечев, А. (1997). Сравнителни анатомични изследвания върху артериите на главата при магарето и коня. /Summary (EN): Comparative anatomical studies on donkey and horse head arteries/. Ветеринарномедицински науки, XXIX, 1-2, 45-50, (BG).
Organization of the arterial vessels of the donkeys shows some specific for this species peculiarities. Arteria carotis externa divides into its terminal branches in sinus cavernosus. Arteria palatina ascendens in 33 % of the animals investigated, is represented by two stems, as the second one comes out from arteria carotis interna, after the initiation of truncus linguofacialis. Arteria lingualis branches out arteria sublingualis while arteria submentalis originates from arteria facialis. In 20 % of the cases arteria nasalis lateralis is derived from arteria labialis superior. Head arteries of the horses investigated in this study demonstrate less variations in comparison with literature data.
42. Дечев, А. & Гаджев, С. (1997). Сравнителни анатомо-топографски изследвания на околоносните синуси при Тракийската тънкорунна и старозагорската порода овце. /Summary (EN): Comparative anatomo-topographic investigations of perinasal sinuses of Thracian fine-fleeced and Stara Zagora sheep breeds/. Ветеринарномедицински науки, XXIX, 1-2, 71-74, (BG).
Neonatal lambs of the Thracian fine-fleeced breed express better developed frontal and maxillary sinuses. Sinuses development during the first postembrional year is more intensive. Lacrimal sinus is better developed in the sheep of Stara Zagora breed. Frontal and lacrimal sinuses of the male animals sustain their boundaries but are of larger size. The sinus boundaries of one-year-old lambs of the Thracian fine-fleeced breed coincide with those of adult animals, while Stara Zagora breed sinuses are completed a bit later than 1.5 years. Thracian fine-fleeced breed scull bones pneumatization is better expressed.
43. Stefanov, M., Chervenkov, S., Gadjev, S., Grueva, G. & Vladova, D. (1997). Comparative topographic study on microhardness of metacarpal and metatarsal bones in equids /Equus Cabalus and Equus Azinus/, Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 3, 501-506, (EN).
18 metacarpal and metatarsal bones of equids have been studied out. 12 of them were from donkeys and 6 - from horses. Donkeys were subdivided to groups according to their size. 216 areas for study of micro hardness have been prepared from the bone material. The areas studied were from the middle of the diaphyse whose medial, lateral, dorsal and palmar (plantar) surfaces have been investigated. Results have been compared between metacarpal and metatarsal bones of a species, as well as interspecies. Microhardness was also compared between the different areas studied. In each area, 3 zones have been investigated: outer, middle and inner. 5 measurements were performed at each area and zone. The measurement of microhardness was done with a microscope LEITZ at a level of magnification 480X. Microhardness of all areas was found to be the greater in the middle zone. Palmar and medial areas of ossa metacarpalia were with higher microhardness compared to dorsal and lateral ones. As a rule, rnicrohardness of metacarpal bones in medium size donkeys was the greatest, followed by the large donkeys and horses. The microhardness of ossa metatarsalia was the greatest in horses. In all groups studied, the microhardness of metatarsal bones was higher than that of metacarpal bones.
44. Stefanov, M., Gadjev, S. & Ribarski, St. (1997). Comparative metric studies on metacarpal and metatarsal bones in Equids. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 3, 611-615, (EN).
Studies by observation, preparation and metric methods were performed on metacarpal and metatarsal bones from 6 donkeys (3 large and 3 of medium size) and on 3 horses. All animals were clinically healthy. The third metacarpal bone was found to be the longest in large donkeys and the third metatarsal bone, the smallest. The proximal and distal epiphyses of the third metatarsal bone were the flattest in donkeys of medium size. The same bone and its epiphyses were the largest in horses. The diaphyse of the third metacarpal bone was the flattest. Distal epiphyses of the third metacarpal bone had the same form in all animals. The linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation for the parameters massiveness and relative weight in large donkeys and a negative one for horses and smaller donkeys. For both bones the correlation was very high in smaller donkeys.
45. Гаджев, С. & М. Стефанов, М. (1998). Анатомични особености на висящите пръсти при бивола. /Summary (EN): Anatomical particularities of hanging fingers in buffaloes. Summary (RU) Резюме: Анатомическое особенности висячих пальцев у буйвола/. Животновъдни науки, 3, 77-78.
Study comprised of 88 hanging fingers of 22 buffaloes. It was found that the hanging fingers of thorax and tarsal legs of 84% of all the studied fingers have two phalanxes - proximal and common (ph2+ph3). For 16% of studied animals three different phalanxes were observed - proximal, medium and distal one. The existence of three phalanxes show they were embryonically based as three ossification centers. It was assumed that the existence of common phalanx between second and fifth-finger was due to their week mobility and to a (loss) lack of supporting function that has been related to legs' construction and way of life.
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46. Илиев, Я., Куцаров, Г., Георгиев, И., Дечев, А., Гаджев, С., Томов, Т., Конакчиева, Р. & Караманос, П. (1998). Влияние на хипокинезията върху плазмената концентрация на кортизола и някои фактори на неспецифичната резистентност при агнета. /Summary (EN): Influence of hypokinesis on plasma concentratrion of cortisol and some factors of nonspecific resistance in lambs, Summary (RU) Резюме: Влияние гипокинезии на концентрацию кортизола в плазме и некаторые факторы неспецифической резистентности у ягнят/. Животновъдни науки, 6, 64-68, (BG).
Studies were carried out with 13 of the lamb breed Stara Zagora at 3.5 months of age split in two groups by the principle of analogs: experimental that was immobilized for 72h and control - with possibility for movement. Values of the following blood parameters were considered: cortisol, glucose, total protein, protein fractions and lysocym activity. Analysis of the obtained results showed that lambs hypokinesis for 72 h was accompanied by the increase of the secretary function of adrenal cortex and of glucose level, expressed most of all during the first 24h period. It was also found that decreased moving ability of lambs did not affect considerably the protein spectre and lysocyme activity of blood.
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47. Костов, Д., Гаджев, С., Владова, Д. & Христов, Хр. (1998). Морфологични проучвания върху инсерцията на диафрагмата при агнета. /Summary (EN): Morphological investigations on lamb diaphragm insertion/. Животновъдни науки, 6, 80-82, (BG).
Diaphragm femurs of 10 Stara Zagora White lambs were investigated. They take round by long joint tendon with a mean length Sx - 13.8 cm, which begins from the sacral bone. The general tendon begins with transverse strings, which split into two femurs and end at the corresponding lumbar vertebra without L1 and L6. It is accepted that this is due to the high tension under which both diaphragm femurs are during breathing and also due to voluminous stomach pressure.
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48. Гаджев, С. & Стефанов, М. (2000). Върху изводната система на панкреаса при домашните животни. /Summary (EN): Upon pancreas duct system in domestic animals. Summary (RU) Резюме: О выводной системе поджелудочной железы у домашних животных/. Животновъдни науки, 2, 80-83, (BG).
In the study was found that the pancreatic supplementary by-channel in cattle, buffalo and pig ends up with an opening in a not-clear papilla duodeni minor located on mucous flap or between two of them in the intestine. The outlet was located to a distance from the pillory in cattle from 19 to 28 cm, in buffalo - from 30 to 35 cm and in pigs – from 16 to 18 cm. In sheep the pancreatic channel jointed the gallduet on a distance of 4-5 cm out of the duodenum and pour out from 25 to 28 cm from the pylorus. In horses the pancreatic channel opened up with gall duet via ampulla hepatopancreatica in papilla duodeni major on a distance of 8-10 cm from the pylorus. Supplementary channel disjoined from the pancreatic one or from its branches and opened at papilla duodeni minor on a distance of 7-10 cm from the pylorus. Morphological structure of pancreatic channel of cattle, buffalo and pig show they continuously secrete pancreatic juice because of the very weak m. sphincter ductus pancreatic accessorii. Инф. бази данни, в които е реферирана/индексирана публикацията:FAO AGRIS, Google Scholar, CAB DIRECT
49. Doichev, V., Bjalkov, V., Gadjev, S., Katzarov, V., Tanchev, S. & Szostak, B. (2000). Morphometrical analysis of skull of native East Balkan pig. /Streszczenie: Analiza morfometryczna czaski świń wschodniobałkańskich/. Animal Science Papers and Reports, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrębiec, Poland, 18(3), 183-194, (EN).
A morphometrical analysis was performed of the craniums of 23 East Balkan pigs (12 castrated males and 11 females). The pigs were slaughtered at an average live weight of 93 kg. The pigs examined had a compact, relatively high and not very long cranium with almost a straight profile line. The facial surface of the lacrimal bone was not very long, but relatively high. It had a shape of an irregular quadrangle, resembling a square. The mandible and cranium angles exceeded 90°. Probably due to the castration of the male pigs, the differences in cranium size between sexes were small and not significant. The seven indices calculated on the basis of the measurements obtained confirm the visual impression of a compact and not very long cranium with a relatively high facial surface of the lacrimal bone. Differences in indices between sexes were small and not significant.
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50. Владова, Д., Гаджев, С. & Костов, Д. (2002). Сравнителни морфологични проучвания върху инсерцията на диафрагмата при агнета и ярета. /Summary (EN): Comparative morphological investigations on lambs and kids diaphragm insertion/. Животновъдни науки, XXXIX, 3, 79-80, (BG).
The diaphragmatic pedicles in 10 lambs and 7 kids aged of 6-7 months were studied. They have been attached to the promontory of the sacral bone by a long joint tendon. The latter has been attached to the analogous lumbal vertebra by forked transversal ligaments. There aren't such ligaments in lambs at Ll and L6 and in kids - at L1, L2 and L6. In the latter group of animals the transversal ligaments are not forked in that typical way.
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51. Гаджев, С. & Рибарски, Ст. (2004). Подезичен апарат при магаре и кон. /Summary (EN): Hyoid apparatus in donkey and horse/. Животновъдни науки, XLI, 6, 45-46, (BG).
The anatomical features of the hyoid apparatus of the two species were studied. It was found that the basihyoid of the donkey was wider, with a concave dorsal surface and a thick back edge. The ventral surface was slightly convex, while for the horse both surfaces were flat. The donkey's tongue tentacle was shorter with a concave back surfaces and a thicker ventral edge. Unlike the horse's ones, the basihyoid and its tentacle were built of a thin layer of bone substance and a thick layer of spongy substance. The left and the right thyrohyoid were sagittally positioned plates consisted of almost dense bone substance. The stylohyoid was shorter and consisted of less spongy bone substance. The ventral edge was thicker in the forehalf of the bone and in the caudal part the dorsal edge was thicker. For the horse mainly the ventral edge was thicker. It was assumed that the type of food, its receiving and procession in the mouth influenced considerably the structure and mechanical features of the elements of the hyoid apparatus. This holds particularly for the donkey which consumes predominantly roughages requiring careful processing.
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