Important Questions Information Technology
Q. What is style? /Define style. What are the advantages of using style? Explain different styles in open office writer. (any 2)
Answer:
Definition: A style is a set of formats that you can apply to selected pages, text, frames, and other elements in your document to quickly change their appearance.
Advantages:
1. Styles help improve consistency in a document.
2. They also make major formatting changes easy.
Different types of styles:
1.Page styles include margins, headers and footers, borders and backgrounds. In Calc, page styles also include the sequence for printing sheets.
2. Paragraph styles control all aspects of a paragraph’s appearance, such as text alignment, tab stops, line spacing, and borders, and can include character formatting.
3. Character styles affect selected text within a paragraph, such as the font and size of text, or bold and italic formats.
4. Frame styles are used to format graphic and text frames, including wrapping type, borders, backgrounds, and columns.
5. Numbering styles apply similar alignment, numbering or bullet characters, and fonts to numbered or bulleted lists.
6. Cell styles include fonts, alignment, borders, background, number formats (for example, currency, date, number), and cell protection.
7. Graphics styles in drawings and presentations include line, area, shadowing, transparency, font, connectors, dimensions, and other attributes.
8. Presentation styles include attributes for font, indents, spacing, alignment, and tabs.
Q. How to load styles from template/ other document?
Answer:
For instance, You can copy styles by loading them from a template or another document:
1. Open the document you want to copy styles into.
2. In the Styles and Formatting window, long-click on the arrow next to the New Style from Selection icon, and then click on Load Styles.
3. On the Load Styles dialog (Figure 1.4), find and select the template you want to copy styles from.
4. Select the categories of styles to be copied. Select Overwrite if you want the styles being copied to replace any styles of the same names in the document you are copying them into.
5. To copy the styles from another document, click the From File button to open a window from which you can select the required document.
6. Click OK to copy the styles. You will not see any change on screen.
Q. Explain how to create new style? Or How can we create our own styles?
Answer:
You can create a new style by copying an existing manual format. This new style applies only to this document; it will not be saved in the template.
1. In OpenOffice Writer, open the Styles and Formatting window and choose the type of style you want to create.
2. In the document, select the item you want to save as a style.
3. In the Styles and Formatting window, click on the New Style from Selection icon.
4. In the Create Style dialog, type a name for the new style. Then the list shows the names of existing custom styles of the selected type.
5. Continue by Clicking OK to save the new style.
Q. Explain how to update a style?
Answer
To update a style from a selection in OpenOffice Writer, follow this:
1. Open the Styles and Formatting window.
2. In the document, select an item that has the format you want to adopt as a style.
3. In the Styles and Formatting window, select the style you want to update (single click and not double-click), then long-click on the arrow next to the New Style from
4. Selection icon and click on Update Style.
Q. List any four methods of inserting images in a text document.
Answer
Drag and Drop
1. Open a file browser window and locate the image you want to insert.
2. Drag the image into the Writer document and drop it where you want it to appear.
Insert Picture Dialog
1. Click in the Open Office document where you want the image to appear.
2. Choose Insert > Picture > From File from the menu bar. On the Insert Picture dialog, navigate to the file to be inserted, select it, and click Open.
Inserting An Image From The Clipboard
Using the clipboard, you can copy images into an Open Office document from another Open Office document and from other programs.
Inserting An Image Using A Scanner
If a scanner is connected to your computer, Open Office can call the scanning application and inserted the scanned item into the Open Office document as an image.
To start this procedure, click where you want the graphic to be inserted and select
Insert > Picture > Scan > Select Source.
Inserting An Image From The Gallery
To open the Gallery, click on the Gallery icon (located in the right side of the Standard toolbar) or choose Tools > Gallery from the menu bar.
Navigate through the Gallery to find the desired picture.
To insert the picture, click and drag it from the Gallery into the Writer document. You can also right-click on the picture and choose Insert>Copy.
Q. Explain Image Cropping.
Answer:
To start cropping the image, right click on it and select Picture from the pop-up menu.
In the Picture dialog box, select the Crop page
In the Crop page, you can control the following parameters:
Keep scale / Keep image size
When Keep scale is selected (default), cropping the image does not change the scale of the picture.
When Keep image size is selected, cropping produces enlargement (for positive cropping values), shrinking (for negative cropping values), or distortion of the image so that the image size remains constant
Left, Right, Top, and Bottom, width and height.
The image is cropped by the amount entered in these boxes.
Q. Explain:
(a) Graphics Mode
(b) Flip vertically or horizontally
(c) Filters
(d) Transparency
Answer
Graphics Mode
You can change color images to grayscale by selecting the image and then selecting Grayscale from the Graphics mode list.
Flip vertically or horizontally
To flip an image vertically or horizontally, select the image, and then click the relevant icon.
Filters is the tool used on image for giving them some kind of identity and editing. It includes filters like Invert, Smoot,etc.
Transparent
Modify the percentage value in the Transparency box on the Picture toolbar to make the image more transparent. This is particularly useful when creating a watermark or when wrapping the image in the background.
Q. What is the use of shift button in image resizing and image rotation?
Answer : Image resizing: resize with ratio (in proportion) Image rotation: To restrict the rotation angle to some angles (eg. multiples of 15 degrees)keep the Shift key pressed while rotating the image.
Q. Explain following in terms of resizing image?
(a)Relative
(b)Keep ratio
Answer
In the Type page of the Picture dialog box, select the Relative option to toggle between percentage and actual dimension.
For a scaled resizing, select the Keep ratio option. As for the Crop page, clicking on the Original Size button restores the original image size.
Q. Explain Grouping objects.
Answers To group drawing objects: Select one object, then hold down the Shift key and select the others you want to include in the group. The bounding box expands to include all the selected objects.
With the objects selected, hover the mouse pointer over one of the objects and choose Format > Group > Group from the menu bar or right-click and choose Group > Group from the pop-up menu.
You cannot include an embedded or linked graphic in a group with drawing objects
Q. Explain following terms for positioning of graphic:
(a) Arrangement
(b) Alignment
(c) Anchoring
(d) Text Wrapping
Answers
Positioning of a graphic is controlled by four settings:
Arrangement refers to the placement of a graphic on an imaginary vertical axis. Arrangement controls how graphics are stacked upon each other or relative to the text.
Alignment refers to the vertical or horizontal placement of a graphic in relation to the chosen anchor point.
Anchoring refers to the reference point for the graphics. This point could be the page, or frame where the object is, a paragraph, or even a character. An image always has an anchor point.
Text wrapping refers to the relation of graphics to the surrounding text, which may wrap around the graphic on one or both sides, be overprinted behind or in front of the graphic, or treat the graphic as a separate paragraph or character.
Q. Define template. What is the advantage of using templates?
Answers A template is a model that you use to create other documents. Templates can contain anything that regular documents can contain, such as text, graphics, a set of styles, and user-specific setup information such as measurement units, language, the default printer, and toolbar and menu customization.
Advantages
1. Save time
2. Simplify document creation
3. Increase productivity
Q. What is the difference between styles and templates?
Answers: Styles keep your formatting consistent within a document. Templates allow you to re-use text, and keep your look and feel consistent across multiple documents.
Q. Explain creation of template.
Answers: Creating A Template From A Document
To create a template from a document:
1. Open a new or existing document of the type you want to make into a template (text document, spreadsheet, drawing, presentation).
2. Add the content and styles that you want.
3. From the main menu, choose File > Templates > Save.
4. In the New template field, type a name for the new template.
5. In the Categories list, click the category to which you want to assign the template.
6. Click OK to save the new template
Q. Explain how to set and reset a template as default? State with reference to OpenOffice Writer.
Answers: To set a custom template as the default:
1. From the main menu, choose File > Templates > Organize. The Template Management dialog opens.
2. In the box on the left, select the folder containing the template that you want to set as the default, then select the template.
3. Click the Commands button and choose Set As Default Template from the dropdown menu. The next time that you create a document by choosing File > New, the document will be created from this template.
Resetting the default template
To re-enable Open Office’s Default template for a document type as the default:
1. In the Template Management dialog, click any folder in the box on the left.
2. Click the Commands button and choose Reset Default Template from the dropdown menu.
3. The next time that you create a document by choosing File > New, the document will be created from Open Office’s Default template for that document type.
Q. What is Table of Contents/index/TOC? Write on the basis of Digital Documentation.
Answers:
Writer’s table of contents feature lets you build an automated table of contents from the headings in your document.
Write the use of following with context to TOC.
E#
E
T
#
LS
LE
Answers: The E# button represents the chapter number.
The E button represents the entry text.
The T button represents a tab stop.
The # button represents the page number.
The LS button represents the start of a hyperlink. (This button doesn’t appear on the default Structure line.)
The LE button represents the end of a hyperlink. (This button doesn’t appear on the default Structure line.)
Each white field on the Structure line represents a blank space.
Q. Explain Mail Merge.
Answers:
A mail merge is a way to take a letter you’ve written and send it to a whole bunch of people.
1. Select starting document: Open a template, if you have one you want to use, or create a new Writer document. Save the document with the appropriate name, like mailmerge_openenrollment.ods or mailmerge_parents.odt.
2. Select document type: Select either letter or mail merge.
3. Insert Address block:Write out the text that will be going to everyone, and plan where you want the fields.
4. Once you have the letter written out and you know what fields you need, you can delete the specific data and insert the fields from the database instead. 5. Save the database file.
Create Salutation: You can insert personalize salutation here .
Adjust layout: Here you can rearrange the letter properly.
Edit document. To edit the contents of the document.
Personalize document: You can edit any persons document.
Save, print and send. Click on save starting document.
Q. What are advantages of Mail Merge?
Answers:
1. It is quick and easy.
2. It saves time.
3. You can address a large number of letters without having to do it yourself as mail merge inserts it for you.
Q. Give examples of databases in which the Data Source can be created. State according to Digital Documentation Unit.
Answers:
1. Spreadsheet
2. Microsoft Access
3. dBase
4. Text
Unit 1 Digital Documentation (Important Questions)
Q 1. What are Styles ?. What are the advantages of using styles
Ans: A style is a set of formats that you can apply to selected pages, text, frames, and other elements in your document to quickly change their appearance. Styles are logical attributes. Using styles means that you stop saying “font size 14pt, Times New Roman, bold, centered”, and you start saying “Title” because you have defined the “Title” style to have those characteristics.
Advantages of using styles
1. Styles help improve consistency in a document.
2. They also make major formatting changes easy.
3. For example, you may decide to change the indentation of all paragraphs, or change the font of all titles.
4. For a long document, this simple task can be prohibitive.
5. Styles make the task easy.
Q 2. Give any four styles supported by OpenOffice.org.
Ans: Four styles supported by OpenOffice.org are following:
1. Page styles include margins, headers and footers, borders and backgrounds. In Calc, page styles also include the sequence for printing sheets.
2. Paragraph styles control all aspects of a paragraph’s appearance, such as text alignment, tab stops, line spacing, and borders, and can include character formatting.
3. Character styles affect selected text within a paragraph, such as the font and size of text, or bold and italic formats.
4. Frame styles are used to format graphic and text frames, including wrapping type, borders, backgrounds, and columns.
Q 3. How can we create our own styles ?
Ans: Creating a new style from a selection You can create a new style by copying an existing manual format.
This new style applies only to this document; it will not be saved in the template.
1. Open the Styles and Formatting window and choose the type of style you want to create.
2. In the document, select the item you want to save as a style.
3. In the Styles and Formatting window, click on the New Style from Selection icon.
4. In the Create Style dialog, type a name for the new style. The list shows the names of existing custom styles of the selected type. Click OK to save the new style.
Q 4. Explain any four Graphic filters.
Invert
Inverts the color values of a color image or the brightness values of a grayscale image.
Smooth - Softens the contrast of an image.
Sharpen - Increases the contrast of an image.
Remove noise - Removes single pixels from an image.
Solarization
Mimics the effects of too much light in a picture. A further dialog box opens to adjust the parameters.
Aging - Simulates the effects of time on a picture. Can be applied several times.
A further dialog box opens to adjust the aging level.
Posterize - Makes a picture appear like a painting by reducing the number of colors used.
Q 5. Explain Image Cropping
Ans : Cropping Images - When you are only interested in a section of the image
for the purpose of your document, you may wish to crop (cut off) parts of it. To
start cropping the image, right click on it and select Picture from the pop-up
menu. In the Picture dialog box, select the Crop.
Q 6. List any three methods of inserting images in a text document.
Ans : Inserting An Image From The Clipboard Using the clipboard, you can copy images into an Open Office document from another Open Office document and from other programs.
To do this:
1. Open both the source document and the target document.
2. In the source document, select the image to be copied.
Inserting An Image Using A Scanner - If a scanner is connected to your computer, Open Office can call the scanning application and inserted the scanned item into the Open Office document as an image.
To start this procedure, click where you want the graphic to be inserted and select
Insert > Picture > Scan > Select Source.
Inserting An Image From The Gallery - The Gallery provides a convenient way to group reusable objects such as graphics and sounds that you can insert into your documents.
The Gallery is available in all components of Open Office.
It does not come with many graphics, but you can add your own pictures or find extensions containing more graphics.
To insert a Gallery image into a Writer document.
Q 7. What do you understand by the terms:
a. Text Wrapping
Text wrapping refers to the relation of graphics to the surrounding text, which may wrap around the graphic on one or both sides, be overprinted behind or in front of the graphic, or treat the graphic as a separate paragraph or character.
b. Anchoring
Anchoring refers to the reference point for the graphics. This point could be the page, or frame where the object is, a paragraph, or even a character. An image always has an anchor point.
Q 8. What is the difference between styles and templates?
Ans : Templates can contain anything that regular documents can contain, such as text, graphics, a set of styles, and user-specific setup information such as measurement units, language, the default printer, and toolbar and menu
customization.
1. you have the option of creating a new document from your template.
2. manually changing the template.
3. For future documents, you can reuse the template created by the
wizard, just as you would use any other template.
4. Templates can also contain predefined text, saving you from having to
type it every time you create a new document.
5. you can create a template for business reports that has your company’s logo on the first page.
6. Saving time for create a new document
Q 9. Steps to create Template from document.
Ans: Creating A Template From A Document To create a template from a document:
1. Open a new or existing document of the type you want to make into a template (text document, spreadsheet, drawing, presentation).
2. Add the content and styles that you want.
3. From the main menu, choose File > Templates > Save.
1. Explain Mail Merge.
Q 10. What are advantages of Mail Merge?
Ans: A mail merge is a way to take a letter you’ve written and send it to a whole bunch of people, personalizing it with information about them so they might think that you typed that letter personally for them. A mail merge can
also be a quick way to take a list of people’s mailing addresses and generate labels or envelopes with the address for a different person on each label or envelope.
It’s essential for any person or organization that has a lot of clients, partners, parents and children, or other people to communicate with.
UNIT-2: ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET (ADVANCED) (Important Questions)
Q 1. What is Consolidating data.
Ans: Data Consolidation allows you to gather together your data from separate worksheets into a master worksheet. In other words, the Data Consolidation function takes data from a series of worksheets or workbooks and summaries it into a single worksheet that you can update easily.
Q 2. Define Subtotals.
Ans: SUBTOTAL is a function listed under the Mathematical category when you use the Function Wizard (Insert > Function). Because of its usefulness, the function has a graphical interface
Q 3. What is Scenarios?
Ans : A scenario is essentially a saved set of cell values for your calculations. You can easily switch between these sets using the Navigator or a drop-down list which can be shown beside the changing cells. For example, if you wanted to calculate the effect of different interest rates on an investment, you could add a scenario for each interest rate, and quickly view the results.
Steps to create Scenarios:
Use Scenarios option under Tools menu to enter variable contents —scenarios—in the same cell. To create a scenario:
1) Select the cells that contain the values that will change between scenarios.
To select multiple cells, hold down the Ctrl key as you click each cell.
2) Choose Tools > Scenarios.
3) On the Create Scenario dialog enter a name for the new scenario
4) Click OK to close the dialog. The new scenario is automatically activated. You
can create several scenarios for any given range of cells.
Q 4. What is Goal Seek?
Ans : Usually, you run a formula to calculate a result based upon existing values. By contrast, using Goal Seek option under Tools menu, you can discover what values will produce the result that you want.
Q 5. What is Solver ?
Ans: Solver option under Tools menu amounts to a more elaborate form of Goal Seek. The difference is that the Solver deals with equations with multiple unknown variables.
Q 6. Define Cell Reference.
Ans: A cell reference refers to a cell or a range of cells on a worksheet and can be used to find the values or data that you want formula to calculate. In one or several formulas, you can use a cell reference to refer to:
• Data from one or more contiguous cells on the worksheet.
• Data contained in different areas of a worksheet.
• Data on other worksheets in the same workbook.
Q 7. What is Hyperlinks?
Ans: Hyperlinks can be used in Calc to jump to a different location from within a spreadsheet and can lead to other parts of the current file, to different files or even to web sites.
An absolute link will stop working only if the target is moved.
A relative link will stop working only if the start and target locations change relative to each other.
The Hyperlink icon on the Standard toolbar or choose Insert > Hyperlink from the menu bar.
Q 8. How to SHARING WORKSHEET DATA.
Ans: Spreadsheet software allows the user to share the workbook and place it in the network location where several users can access it simultaneously. At any time, you can set up a spreadsheet for sharing with others. With the
spreadsheet document open, choose Tools > Share Document to activate the collaboration features for this worksheet. A dialog opens where you can choose to enable or disable sharing.
Q 9. How can we rename a worksheet?
Ans: There are three ways you can rename a worksheet, and the only difference between them is the way in which you start the renaming process.
You can do any of the following:
Double-click on one of the existing worksheet names.
• Right-click on an existing worksheet name, then choose Rename from the resulting Context menu.
• Select the worksheet you want to rename (click on the worksheet tab) and then
• select the Sheet option from the Format menu. This displays a submenu from which you should select the Rename option.
Q 10. What are the two ways of referencing cells in other worksheets?
Ans:
1. Creating The Reference With The Mouse
• Click on the = icon next to the formula bar. The icons change and an equals sign.
• Now, click on the sheet tab for the sheet containing the cell to be referenced.
• Click on cell F3 (where the balance is) in the Checking Account sheet. The phrase ‘Checking Account’.
• Click the green checkmark in the formula bar to finish.
2. Creating The Reference With The Keyboard Typing the reference is simple once you know the format the reference
takes. The reference has three parts to it:
Path and file name
Sheet name
Cell Looking at the figure above, you can see the general format for the
reference is =’file:///Path &File Name’#$SheetName.CellName.
Q 11. Differentiate between relative and absolute hyperlinks.
Ans: An absolute link will stop working only if the target is moved. A relative link will stop working only if the start and target locations change relative to each other.
Q 12. Fill up the blanks.
a. At the bottom of each worksheet window is a small tab that indicates the name of the worksheets in the workbook.
b. A cell reference refers to a cell or a range of cells on a worksheet and can be used to find the values or data that you want formula to calculate.
Q 13. What is Macro?
Ans: A macro is a saved sequence of commands or keystrokes that are stored for later use. An example of a simple macro is one that “types” your address. The OpenOffice.org (OOo) macro language is very flexible, allowing automation
of both simple and complex tasks. Macros are especially useful to repeat a task the same way over and over again.
Q 14. How Macro to be record Macro ?
Ans: The following steps create a macro that performs paste special with multiply.
1. Open a new spreadsheet.
2. Enter numbers into a sheet
3. Select cell A3, which contains the number
3, and copy the value to the clipboard.
4. Select the range A1:C3. 5. Use Tools > Macros > Record Macro to start the macro recorder.
The Record Macro dialog is displayed with a stop recording button.
UNIT-3: Relational Database Management System(Basic) (Important Questions)
Note:
1. A database is an organized collection of data.
2. A database management system is a software package that can be used for
creating and managing databases.
3. A RDBMS is a database management system that is based on the relational
model.
4.Three popular DBMS software are SQL Server, Sybase & MySQL.
5. A primary key is a unique value that identifies a row in a table.
Short Answer Questions
1. What does DBMS stands for?
Ans : Database Management System
2. What does RDBMS stands for?
Ans: Relational Database Management System.
3. How is data organized in a RDBMS?
Ans: In RDBMS data organized into tables.
Note:
1. A table is a set of data elements that is organized using a model of vertical
columns and horizontal rows.
2. A column is a set of data values of a particular type, one for each row of the
table.
3. A tuple represents a single, data item in a table.
4. Datatype are used to identify which type of data we are going to store in the
database.
5. There are two ways to create a table.
Short Answer Questions
1. Why are data types used in DBMS /RDBMS?
Ans : Datatypes are used to identify which type of data (value) we are going to
store in the database. Fields themselves can be of different types depending
on the data they contain.
Data types in OpenOffice base are broadly classified into five categories listed
below.
• Numeric Types
• Alphanumeric Types
• Binary Types
• Date time
• Other Variable type
2. List datatypes available in Numeric Datatype?
Ans : Numeric data types are used for describing numeric values for the field
used in the table of a database. Numeric data types in a database can be used
for storing information such as mobile number, roll number, door number,
year of school admission, true or false statements, statistical values, etc. The
different types of numeric data types available are listed here.
1. BOOLEAN
2. TINYINT
3. SMALLINT
4. INTEGER
5. BIGINT
6. NUMERIC
7. DECIMAL
8. REAL
9. FLOAT
10. DOUBLE
Q. How many types of relationships can created in tables?
Ans : There are three types of relationships which can be created in tables:
1. ONE to ONE
2. ONE to MANY OR MANY to ONE
3. MANY to MANY
Note:
1. The types of languages used for creating and manipulating the data in the
Database are DDL & DML
2. A Queries is a standard for commands that define the different structures in
a database.
3. A DML is a language that enables users to access and manipulate data in a
database.
4. A SELECT is a part of DML involving information retrieval only.
5. A popular data manipulation language is SQL.
Q. Difference between DDL and DML.
Ans : DDL stands for Data Definition Language. DML stands for Data
Manipulation Language. DDL statements are used to create database,
schema, constraints, users, tables etc. DML statement is used to insert,
update or delete the records.
Q. Difference between RDBMS and DBMS.
Ans: DBMS stores data as a file whereas in RDBMS, data is stored in
the form of tables. DBMS supports single users, while RDBMS supports
multiple users. DBMS does not support client-server architecture
but RDBMS supports client-server architecture.
Important Notes
The DDL commands in SQL are used to create database schema and to
define the type and structure of the data that will be stored in a
database.
SQL DDL commands are further divided into the following major
categories:
1. CREATE.
2. ALTER.
3. DROP.
4. TRUNCATE.
Simple Create table sql query is below:
CREATE TABLE [Employees](
[EmployeeID] int,
[FullName] nvarchar(30),
[Birthdate] date,
[E-mail] nvarchar(30),
[Position] nvarchar(30),
[Department] nvarchar(30)
)
Drop table query is below
DROP TABLE [Employees]
Alter table query is below
ALTER TABLE Employees ALTER COLUMN ID int NOT NULL
DML – Data Manipulation Language, which includes the following
constructions:
SELECT – data selection
INSERT – new data insertion
UPDATE – data update
DELETE – data deletion
SELECT QUERY is below
SELECT * from employee;
Select Query with condition:
SELECT * FROM employee WHERE mobile=”999041341”;
Select Query with some fields not all data from table;
SELECT name, emp_id, mobile FROM employee;
INSERT Query
INSERT Employees(ID,Position,Department,Name) VALUES (1000
,N'CEO',N'Administration',N'John'),
(1001,N'Programmer',N'IT',N'Daniel'),
(1002,N'Accountant',N'Accounts dept',N'Mike'),
(1003,N'Senior Programmer',N'IT',N'Jordan’)
Delete single row from table Query
Delete from employee where mobile=”999041341”;
Update record of the table Query
UPDATE employee set name=”Yashvi”, emp_id=”1234” where
mobile=”9250566452”;
UNIT-4 WEB APPLICATIONS AND SECURITY (Important Questions)
Q 1 Notes:
1. The option in Microsoft Windows XP used for helping users with physical
disabilities and to reduce repetitive strain is Sticky Keys.
2. Sound Sentry is designed to help users with auditory impairments.
3. The High Contrast option in Microsoft Windows XP is designed to assist
people with vision impairments.
4. Serial Keys is designed to assist people that have difficulty using a keyboard
or a mouse.
Q 2 Notes:
1. The acronym for LAN is Local Area Network
2. Three types of Wired Internet Connectivity are Dial-Up , DSL & Cable Internet Access
3. Three types of Wireless Internet Connectivity are 3G , Wi/MAX & WiFi
Q 4. Define networking?
Ans: A computer network is a collection of computers and other hardware
components interconnected by communication channels (cables or satellites)
that allow sharing of resources and information.
Q 5. Give any three advantages of networking.
Ans:
•Data Sharing: One of the most important uses of networking is to allow the sharing of data.
•Files Transfer : Users can send text files, spread sheets, documents, presentations, audio files, video files, etc. to other users.
•Hardware Sharing: Hardware components such as printers, scanners, etc. can also be shared. For example, instead of purchasing 10 printers for each user, one printer can be purchased and shared among multiple users thus saving cost.
•Internet Access Sharing: You can purchase a single Internet connection and share it among other computers in a network instead of purchasing multiple Internet connection for each computer.
Q 6. Explain the term packet with reference to data transfer.
Ans: piece of data, say a Web page, when it is transferred over the Internet:
• Each packet is sent from computer to computer until it finds its destination.
Each computer on the way decides where next to send the packet. All packets may not take the same route.
• At the destination, the packets are examined. If any packets are missing or damaged, a message is sent asking for them to be re-sent. This continues until all packets have been received intact.
• The packets are now reassembled into their original form. All this done in seconds!
Q 7. Explain Wifi and its significance.
Ans: Wi-Fi is a popular technology that allows an electronic device such as computers or mobile phones to exchange data wirelessly over a network, including high-speed Internet connections. Wi-Fi is used where cables cannot be run (such as old buildings, outdoor areas) to provide network and Internet access. Wi-Fi can also be used where users
require mobile connectivity. Wi-Fi connectivity is used in home & offices, hotels, college & school campus typically for Internet Access. Shopping malls, coffee shops, resorts mostly offer free or paid Wi-Fi access to the Internet for
their customers.
Q 8. Compare LAN with WAN
Ans: LOCAL AREA NETWORK A local area network (LAN) is one which connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as home, school, computer laboratory, office building, or closely positioned group of
buildings. Usually local area networks offer very high speeds and are used for connecting computers and peripherals such as printers, scanners, etc. WIDE AREA NETWORK A wide area network (WAN) is one which covers a broad area (i.e., any network that links across metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries). The Internet is the most popular WAN, and is used by businesses, governments, non-profit organizations, individual consumers, artists, entertainers, and many others.
Q 9. Expand the following terms :
a. DSL : Digital subscriber line(DSL) provide Internet access by transmitting digital data over wires of a local telephone network. DSL service is delivered along with wired telephone service on the same telephone line.
b. ISP : (ISP) via telephone lines using a device called MODEM. Users dial a particular number provided by the ISP and gain access to the Internet.
c. Modem : Á modem is a device that converts digital computer signals into a form (analog signals) that can travel over phone lines. It also re-converts the analog signals back into digital signals. The word modem is derived from its function MOdulator/DEModulator.
d. www : World Wide Web (abbreviated as WWW or W3, commonly known as the Web), is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text,
images, videos, and other multimedia, and navigate between them via hyperlinks.
e. LAN : LOCAL AREA NETWORK A local area network (LAN) is one which connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as home, school, computer laboratory, office building, or closely positioned group of buildings. Usually local area networks offer very high speeds and are used for connecting computers and peripherals such as printers, scanners, etc.
f. MAN : Metropolitan Area Network one which connects computers with in a city or more than two city like company’s
g. WAN : A wide area network (WAN) is one which covers a broad area (i.e., any network that links across metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries).
The Internet is the most popular WAN, and is used by businesses, governments, non-profit organizations, individual consumers, artists, entertainers, and many others.
h. P2P : Networks in which all computers have an equal status are called peer to peer networks. Generally in such a network each terminal has an equally competent CPU.
Q 10. Explain P2P Architecture and how it is different from Client Server
Architecture?
Ans: Networks in which all computers have an equal status are called peer to
peer networks. Generally in such a network each terminal has an equally
competent CPU.
CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE: Networks in which certain computers have
special dedicated tasks, providing services to other computers (in the network)
are called client server networks. The computer(s) which provide services are
called servers and the ones that use these services are called clients.
Q 11. Notes:
a. Instant Messaging(IM) is a form of communication over the Internet that offers an instantaneous transmission of text-based messages from sender to receiver.
b. microphones, headset or speaker & Web Camera are required for audio and video conferencing.
Q12. List any five application based instant messaging software.
Ans:
• Google Talk
• Yahoo! Messenger
• Skype
• Windows Live Messenger
• Rediff Bol
Q 13 List any three Web based instant messaging application?
Ans:
Meebo
Yahoo! Messenger for the Web
MSN Web Messenger
IMO, etc.
Q 14. What do you mean by instant messages?
Ans: An instant messaging service that provides both text and voice
communication developed by Google Inc. Google Talk can also be used for
making video calls and to view updates from GMAIL mailbox. Google Talk is
free and is available as application based (users need to download and install
Google Talk application to their desktops, mobiles or laptops) and web based
(users can use Google Talk through a browser after signing into their Gmail
account).
Q 15. Give any three key features of Instant Messaging.
Ans: Key features of instant messaging are following:
• Text Messages can be sent to one or more person (Similar to SMS)
• Audio calling and conferencing.
• Video calling and conferencing.
• File transfers (Not limited to documents, spread sheets, audio files, video
files, etc.)
• Message history
Q 16. State any 03 rules and etiquettes to be followed while chatting on the Internet.
Ans:
•Messages should be short and to the point.
• Always introduce yourself by name if your screen name doesn’t reflect it.
• Always ask if the other person has time to chat first - regardless of how important you think what you have to say is, it’s not going to be well received if the recipient is busy.
• In a business environment, know exactly what you want to discuss.
• Typing your messages in uppercase is extremely rude - it’s considered shouting and very
Q 17. What is a blog? Explain its use.
Ans: A blog is a discussion style site used by non-technical (or technical users)
users for creating personal web pages. Blogs are similar to an online personal
diary and simple to use. You can also use offline blog software to create
content first and later publish the content when an active internet connection
is available. We can use a blog to convey messages about events, announcements, news,
reviews, etc.
Q 18. List any 5 websites that provide blog service.
Ans:
• www.WordPress.com
• www.blogger.com
• www.blog.com
• www.weebly.com
• www.blogsome.com
Q 19. Difference between web page and website.
Ans: Website is a collection of web pages which contain the information in the
form of text, images, animations, videos, sound.
Web pages are the web based document or page which contains the
information in the form of text, images, video etc.
Q 20. What do you mean by publishing a post?
Ans: Publishing the post means when we finished writing of content in the blog
after checking the whole content we can now publish that content online.
Other wise it is saved as draft.
Q 21. List any five offline blog editors.
Ans : If you do not have an active internet connection, you can create blogs
using a blog application and publish the blog whenever internet connectivity is
available.
• Qumana
• Windows Live Writer
• Blogdesk
Q 22. Explain the purpose of Online transactions.
Ans : Online transactions have made transactions very convenient and
simplified the workflow in many forms in a business. Online transactions deals
with transfer of money over the internet. Revolution in the electronic media
has made transaction handling easy .
Q 23. List any five websites that allow online transactions.
Ans : Some of the popular online transaction websites are:
• IRCTC, an online portal for booking flight and train tickets.
• Flipkart, an online shopping portal for buying consumer products.
• EBay, an online portal for buying and selling goods.
• Redbus, an online portal for booking bus tickets.
Q 24. List any three payment tools to use online transactions.
Ans :
Debit Card
Credit Card
PaytM
Q 25. Give any two benefits of online transactions
Ans :
Automatic.
Fast transaction speed.
Low risk of theft.
Q 26. Explain the purpose of Internet Security.
Ans: Internet security is a branch of computer security specifically related to
the Internet, often involving browser security but also network security. Its
objective is to establish rules and measures to use against attacks over the
Internet. Though Internet provides valuable information and entertainment, it
may leave your computer unsecure due to many online threats.
Q 27. Explain any five tips to manage strong passwords.
Ans :
• Keep the length of the password at least 12-14 characters if permitted.
• Avoid keeping passwords based on repetition, dictionary words, letter or
number sequences, usernames, relative or pet names, etc.
• Including numbers, and symbols in passwords if allowed.
• Use capital and lower-case letters.
• Avoid using the same password for multiple sites or purposes.
• Avoid using something that the public or workmates know you strongly like
or dislike.
• Use random password generators if possible. Example of a strong password:
u1vX:,4Hd{]$
Q 28. Explain the term ‘ Evacuation Policy’.
Ans : : Every organization must have an evacuation policy. All the Team Leaders
are responsible for informing about the policy to their employees about it.
Proper attention must be paid when the Team Leader is informing you about
these details. Negligence at this time may cost lives.
Q 29. What do you mean by occupational hazards?
Ans: An occupational hazard is the illness one may acquire due to his
occupation. Like people working in a chemical factory may get affected due to
presence of certain chemicals.
Q 30. List any three types of occupational hazards.
Ans : Physical hazards, chemical hazards, biological hazards, , behavioural
hazards, radiological hazards, ergonomic hazards etc.