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In this method delay is artificially (i.e., intentionally) introduced to estimate unknown system dynamics using the state/input data collected at the immediate previous time instant. One sample work is shown here.

Here the research direction is to tackle a priori unbounded state-dependent uncertainties via sliding mode while adapting for the unknown uncertainty bounds.

Available control methods for underactuated Euler-Lagrange (EL) systems rely on structure-specific constraints that may be appropriate for some systems, but restrictive for others. The research direction is to derive a quite generalized (structure-independent) adaptive control framework adaptive control framework in the presence of uncertainty.

Switched dynamics may appear in system naturally, or due to parametric changes or due to appearance/disappearance of certain dynamics term depending upon operating conditions. Here we investigate such systems and adaptive control of the same in presence of various types of uncertainties. Two sample works are shown here, while others can be found in detailed list of publications.