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- What is SOPI
SOPI (Self-completed Occupational Performance Index) is a nine-item self-completed questionnaire designed to assess occupational participation from the individual’s perspective, with a focus on engagement in meaningful occupations.
SOPI (Self-completed Occupational Performance Index) is a nine-item self-completed questionnaire designed to assess occupational participation from the individual’s perspective, with a focus on engagement in meaningful occupations.
2. Occupational Participation
2. Occupational Participation
Occupational participation in SOPI is defined as a state in which individuals are able to engage in meaningful activities in their lives, with a sense of control, balance among activities, and satisfaction with performance.
Occupational participation in SOPI is defined as a state in which individuals are able to engage in meaningful activities in their lives, with a sense of control, balance among activities, and satisfaction with performance.
This concept corresponds to occupational performance in the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance (CMOP) and can be positioned as participation influenced by personal factors within the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).
This concept corresponds to occupational performance in the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance (CMOP) and can be positioned as participation influenced by personal factors within the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).
3. Key Features of SOPI
3. Key Features of SOPI
- A self-completed questionnaire based on the individual’s subjective experience
- Assessment of occupational participation without specifying particular activities
- Coverage of three occupational domains: leisure, productivity, and self-care
- Evaluation across three dimensions: control, balance, and satisfaction
- Applicable to epidemiological surveys and intervention studies
4. Structure of SOPI
4. Structure of SOPI
SOPI consists of nine items based on the combination of three dimensions of occupational performance and three occupational domains.
SOPI consists of nine items based on the combination of three dimensions of occupational performance and three occupational domains.
In addition to the total score (SOPI score), the following scores can be calculated:
In addition to the total score (SOPI score), the following scores can be calculated:
- Domain scores: leisure, productivity, and self-care
- Dimension scores: control, balance, and satisfaction
For details on scoring procedures, please refer to the Use & Scoring page.
For details on scoring procedures, please refer to the Use & Scoring page.
5. Role of SOPI in Research and Practice
5. Role of SOPI in Research and Practice
SOPI enables the incorporation of occupational participation into quantitative research by providing a standardized measure grounded in occupational therapy theory.
SOPI enables the incorporation of occupational participation into quantitative research by providing a standardized measure grounded in occupational therapy theory.
It facilitates epidemiological research that reflects the unique perspective of occupation and supports outcome evaluation in both clinical and research settings.
It facilitates epidemiological research that reflects the unique perspective of occupation and supports outcome evaluation in both clinical and research settings.
6. Reliability and Validity
6. Reliability and Validity
The reliability and validity of SOPI have been examined in multiple studies across different populations, including community-dwelling adults, university students, and individuals receiving rehabilitation services.
The reliability and validity of SOPI have been examined in multiple studies across different populations, including community-dwelling adults, university students, and individuals receiving rehabilitation services.
SOPI has demonstrated good internal consistency and a stable three-factor structure corresponding to the three occupational domains.
SOPI has demonstrated good internal consistency and a stable three-factor structure corresponding to the three occupational domains.
Overall, the findings support the reliability and validity of SOPI as a measure of occupational participation.
Overall, the findings support the reliability and validity of SOPI as a measure of occupational participation.
© 2026 Tadanori Imai, Kitasato University
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