components

library

a library (lib) is a collection of packages and modules

the terms of package and library are often used interchangeable 

package

a package (pkg) aims to sovle a particular problem

a package contains models (mod) i.e. functions, methods etc.

a package organises its models in a directory structure that contains __init__.py

the terms of package and library are often used interchangeable 

module

a module (mod) is a single python scritp viz. itis a single python file, ending with .py

a module can be organised wiht other moduls in a directory called a package

a module can contain functions, attributes, additional models etc.

a module specifies functions, methods, types etc.

a module is build to solve specific problems

a module or a specific function from a model needs to be imported to use it 

object

in python more or less everything is an object

method

a function inside an object is called method

methods are functions only available to a specifc python objetc (i.e. strings, floats, lists etc.)

methods have dot-notation and round brackets

functions

a function performs a taks (while attribute have only values)

argument viz. parameters are fed into a function

attribute

attributes have dot-notation, but no round brackets

attributes have value, while functions performe a task

attributes are characteristics of an object viz. they store data about an object's propertie and behaviour

argument

arguments are called parameters too

arguments are the data structure viz. value that is passed inside a function

help

help(function) #gives the arguments of a function etc.

positional argument

separated by a comma

keyword argument

keyword = value

expression

an expression is the representation of a value

iteration

iterator

the value that is iteratored over, e.g. elemets in lists

iterable

the thing that is interated on, e.g. a list of elements

parameter

parameter, also called arguments, are the values that are passed into a function

source code

the python code from packages is referred to as source code

observation

row in a data table

data type

variable

string: <class 'str'>

float: <class 'float'>

integer: <class 'int'>

boolean: <class 'bool'>

bool(0) creates False

bool(1) creates True

bool(2) creates True

bool("a") creates True

collection

list: <class 'list'>

set: <class 'set'>

dictionary: <class 'dict'>

tuple: <class 'tuple'>