methods

broadly speaking, methods are like functions that belong to python objetcs (i.e. strings, floats, lists etc.)

some methods change their objects, others don't

help

help(str) #shows methods etc.

quotation marks

" #starts and ends a string

' #starts and ends a string

""" #makes a multi line string

f #starts a formated string literal 

f-string

f #starts a and f-string, f stands for formatted string literal

{} #inserts objects into a f-string

f-strings allow the formatting of numbers

help

https://www.datacamp.com/tutorial/python-f-string

syntax examples

print(f"{nunmber_object:.nf}") #prints the number with n positions after the decimal divider

operators

in #looks for a substring in a string

methods

.endswith("x") #tells if a string ends with "x" 

.index() #gives the position of a charachter in a string

.join() #joins an iterable

.replace() #replaces a substring

.startswith("x") #tells if a string starts with "x"

case

.capitalize() #makes upper case of the first letter

.lower() #makes all letters lower case

.title() #makes a title case

.upper() #makes all letters upper case

methods

collections

methods

numpy