Given significant interruptions in formal schooling, SLIFE may need specialized, asset-based assistance to succeed in Massachusetts classrooms. The purpose of academic and linguistic support is to provide SLIFE with responsive and equitable access to high-quality language and content development so they can achieve their full potential in the educational setting.
Students designated as SLIFE are a diverse group. Whereas some recommendations for academic and linguistic services and support overlap with effective practices for ELs more generally, others are specific to SLIFE. For example, in addition to learning new content and the English language, SLIFE may also be working to develop foundational numeracy and literacy skills in their home language.
Sample characteristics of promising academic and linguistic services and support for SLIFE are summarized in the 2024 Massachusetts Guidance for SLIFE Identification, Services, and Support, and related tools are linked below.
ESL Best Practices Quick References Guide: SLIFE
Source: MA DESE
Description: A quick reference guide from DESE's Next Generation ESL project sharing strengths and possible needs of SLIFE students as well as strategies and best practices.
Newcomer Toolkit (2023), Chapter 4: Providing High-Quality Instruction for Newcomers
Source: NCELA, U.S. Department of Education
Description: This chapter of the Newcomer Toolkit focuses on principles of high-quality instruction for newcomers and includes helpful resources.
Focus Bulletin on SLIFE: Students with Limited or Interrupted Formal Education
Source: WIDA
Description: This WIDA Focus Bulletin includes teaching tips, Q&A, and additional resources about SLIFE.
How to support ELL Students with Interrupted Formal Education (SLIFEs)
Source: Colorín Colorado
Description: This article provides information on SIFE strengths and needs and recommendations of best practices.
Mutually Adaptive Learning Paradigm (MALP) Instructional Approach and resources
Source: MALP Education
Description: Overview of MALP, unit planning checklist for educators, and links to additional resources
Nebraska English Language Proficiency Standards - SLIFE Guidance
Source: Nebraska Department of Education
Description: This resource explains how SLIFE students can be assessed and how they can also work through both learning academic language and meeting standards in Nebraska.
Six Steps to Consider When Supporting MLs in Accessing Complex Texts
Source: SupportEd
Description: Infographic with helpful steps to follow for educators
Online Library for Students in Multiple Languages
Source: Unite for Literacy
Description: Free online books and audiobooks at different levels of accessibility for beginning readers. Books are currently available in English, Spanish, and Ukrainian.
The Next Generation ESL Toolkit
Source: MA DESE
Description: Massachusetts' framework and resources for high-quality ESL instruction.
Source: MA DESE
Description: Resource from the Next Generation ESL Toolkit that facilitates collaborative planning between ESL and content teachers to support ELs (including SLIFE) across content classrooms.
Source: NYC Public Schools Division of Multilingual Learners Instructional Resources & Professional Learning
Description: 14 units for grades 4-12 written by NYC Teachers of newcomers and SIFE. Each unit features an engaging topic centered around texts that help students to share their stories in creative and meaningful ways.
A Framework for Foundational Literacy Skills Instruction for English Learners
Source: Council of Great City Schools
Description: Guidance about foundational literacy instruction for ELs that includes research and resources for educators.
Description: Overview of how academic interventions are structured at Emergence Academy for newcomers and SLIFE to prioritize daily focus on literacy and numeracy skills.
Strategies to Enhance Reading Skills in ENL Instruction
Source: NYC Public Schools Division of Multilingual Learners Instructional Resources & Professional Learning
Description: This professional learning series from NYC shares research-based strategies for teaching reading to English learners.
Scaffolded Core Curriculum Units for MLs/ELLs
Source: NYC Public Schools Division of Multilingual Learners Instructional Resources & Professional Learning
Description: Model curriculum units to show how educators have taken specific core curriculum units and scaffolded them for ELs, including SLIFE. Note: these model units were selected from the most commonly used core curricula in the NYC DOE, so they may not align with the curriculum your school or district uses. Nevertheless, they provide strong models for how to develop these types of scaffolded units.
Scaffolded Unit Planning Checklist
Source: SupportEd
Description: A quick checklist for educators to help them plan scaffolds at the unit level
Suggested Scaffolds at Each Proficiency Level
Source: SupportEd
Description: A quick reference guide for scaffolds that are appropriate at beginning, intermediate, and advanced EL proficiency levels.
SIFE Lesson Design Framework for Secondary Students
Description: This is a lesson design framework informed by research on lesson design and high-leverage instructional strategies for teaching language through content. The strategies featured here come from the Internationals Network for Public Schools and the SIFE Equity Project.
Videos & Tools for Classroom Practices
Centers-Based Learning in a Bridges Math Classroom
Source: Bridges to Academic Success
Description: Classroom video about how to implement centers-based learning in a SLIFE math classroom.
Gradual Release of Responsibility for SIFE with Developing Literacy
Source: The Teaching Channel and Bridges to Academic Success
Description: Classroom video that shows the implementation of New York State's SLIFE integrated ELA/ESL curriculum.
Introducing and Interacting with Vocabulary
Source: Bridges to Academic Success
Description: Classroom video that models strategies for introducing new academic vocabulary in a SLIFE classroom.
Source: Bridges to Academic Success
Description: Classroom video that shows how the Language Experience Approach strategy can be used to build foundational literacy skills for SLIFE by connecting oral language to print.
Literacy Centers for Multilingual Students
Source: The Teaching Channel, featuring Bridges to Academic Success
Description: Classroom video that shows how to implement foundational literacy centers in a SLIFE classroom.
Read Retell Respond with Multilingual Students
Source: Bridges to Academic Success
Description: Classroom video about how to use the Read Retell Respond strategy in a classroom with SLIFE.
Teaching English Syntax to SIFE with Developing Literacy
Source: Bridges to Academic Success
Description: Classroom video about how to teach English syntax in context to SIFE with developing literacy.
Source: The Teaching Channel and Bridges to Academic Success
Description: Classroom video that shows how the educator uses environmental print in her classroom to support SLIFE.
ELL Classroom Strategy Library
Source: Colorín Colorado
Description: Interactive strategy library includes step-by-step guides, ideas for differentiation, tips for connecting to students' home languages, and resources such as videos and practical examples. While these strategies are not exclusively designed for SLIFE, they can be easily adapted to meet SLIFE needs.
Webinars
Source: Saddleback Education
Description: Webinar with Orly Klapholz, as part of Saddleback Webinar Series (January 14, 2021).
Elevating SLIFE Success: Strategies for Programming and Instruction
Source: Dr. Carol Salva and SupportEd
Description: SupportEd webinar with Dr. Carol Salva on instructional strategies to support SLIFE.
One member from the SLIFE Community of Practice shared a powerful strategy aimed at fostering a collaborative classroom literacy experience. The approach begins with oral language activities, setting the stage for later engagement with written text. Initially, students gather in same-language small groups, where they participate in a structured discussion.
During one session, a student named Mateo captivates his peers by recounting a recent event, seamlessly weaving English and Spanish into his narrative. As Mateo shares his story, his classmates, each assigned a specific role, pose questions that prompt Mateo to clarify his thoughts and elaborate on key details.
Following this interactive discussion, Mateo revisits his narrative in a second round, this time with either the teacher or a peer acting as a scribe. As Mateo recounts the event, the scribe transcribes his words, capturing the essence of his story. This process allows Mateo to refine his storytelling skills, as he learns to omit irrelevant information, include pertinent details, and structure his narrative more effectively. Mateo is then supported to practice reading the transcribed text. This supports Mateo's growing literacy skills by offering him an opportunity to engage with written language that directly reflects his own oral expression.
Image credit: "Boys from a school supported by Hashoo Foundation clap their hands during a function prepared by students." by Hashoo Foundation USA - Houston, TX is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0.
When members from the SLIFE Community of Practice visited a local high school, visitors observed how the administration and teachers collaborate to establish stable structures and routines across classrooms to support all students, including SLIFE. Every Monday, students begin their day with a schoolwide community meeting. They begin by engaging in a think-pair-share activity to discuss a thought-provoking question related to the week’s theme. This routine helps set a positive tone for the school day and encourages SLIFE to participate in discussions and interact with their peers. Throughout the day, teachers implement instructional routines such as adapted writing with colors during language arts lessons, where students use different-colored pens to highlight ideas in their writing, vocabulary words, and writing conventions. During math class, students engage in number talks, where they share their strategies for solving math problems and learn from one another's approaches. Additionally, teachers use reciprocal teaching during guided reading sessions, allowing students to take turns leading discussions about the text and supporting each other's comprehension.
These instructional routines are consistently replicated across content areas with differentiated scaffolding strategies to meet the diverse needs of SLIFE and non-SLIFE alike. By establishing these routines schoolwide, the school ensures a consistent and predictable learning environment.
Image credit: "Classroom" by allisonmeier is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0.
During a visit to a local high school, members of the SLIFE Community of Practice witnessed a promising initiative where all high school students, including SLIFE, participate in dual enrollment courses facilitated through a partnership with a state university. These courses, offered twice a week during the intervention block, offer students early college credits and encompass diverse subjects such as photography, entrepreneurship, and Spanish for heritage speakers.
One notable aspect of this program is the dedicated support provided to SLIFE by the early college staff. Not only do they assist SLIFE with their coursework, but they also offer guidance and encouragement to ensure their academic success. Additionally, select school staff members have been granted authorization to serve as adjunct lecturers, further enriching the learning experience for students.
The program's success is evident in its impressive pass rate, with 97% of participants passing their courses in 2023. This achievement underscores the effectiveness of the collaborative efforts between the high school, early college staff, and university partners in providing valuable educational opportunities to SLIFE.
Image credit: "Graduation" by schwglr is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0.
One member of the SLIFE Community of Practice described a summer program intentionally tailored to the unique needs and backgrounds of newcomers, including SLIFE, entering Grades 5–9. Embracing an assets-based philosophy, this enrichment curriculum is designed not only to challenge students academically but also to foster language growth and cultivate a sense of belonging.
One of the key aspects of the program is its emphasis on building strong relationships between students and teachers. Through interactive and collaborative learning experiences, students are encouraged to connect with their educators, fostering a supportive and inclusive learning environment. Furthermore, the program serves as a bridge between newly arrived families and district educators. By involving families in their children's education and creating opportunities for them to engage with school staff, the program seeks to establish a sense of trust and partnership within the community.
Image credit: "Taking the Classroom Outside" by gilmorec is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0.
Another school district described a unique program tailored to meeting the needs of over-age students with educational gaps. The program maintains a high degree of flexibility to accommodate students from both traditional and non-traditional schooling backgrounds. For example, the program operates through extended hours, remaining open 12 hours a day and offering programs during the summer. This extended access to educational services allows students to progress at their own pace and access additional academic assistance when needed. The program develops individualized learning plans for each student.
Instead of relying on conventional letter grades (A, B, C, D, F) and grade levels (9, 10, 11, 12), the program adopted a competency-based framework centered on what students can do. Students in the program receive personalized learning experiences tailored to their specific strengths and needs.
Image credit: "Students learning about oysters at Down Township School" by U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Northeast Region is marked with Public Domain Mark 1.0.