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Shear-Dominated Flows: Fundamental Dynamics, Multiphase Interactions, and Applications Across Scales (PhD work at IISc)
Shear-Dominated Flows: Fundamental Dynamics, Multiphase Interactions, and Applications Across Scales (PhD work at IISc)
Vortex dynamics during pinch-off in micro droplets (2024-present)
Vortex dynamics during pinch-off in micro droplets (2024-present)
Significance: In droplet microfluidics, droplet generation can impart significant stresses at different stages, which must be understood for optimized chip design. In this part of the work, we
We experimentally investigate how transient droplet pinch-off in a cross-flow microdroplet generator generates vorticity and the associated mechanical stresses.
Scaling laws and models are developed to characterize the post-pinch-off vorticity and cisculation generation inside droplets.
Ongoing work focuses on the vorticity dynamics associated with steady-state droplet motion and its impact on bacterial physiology.
Research output:
Jain et al., Vortex dynamics during pinch-off of micro-droplets, Journal of Fluid Mechanics A21 (1042), 2026.
Interaction studies of vortex ring with with perforated plates, oil-laden Porous Surfaces, bubbles and droplets (2023-present)
Interaction studies of vortex ring with with perforated plates, oil-laden Porous Surfaces, bubbles and droplets (2023-present)
Significance: Vortex rings, through their coupled rotational and translational dynamics, offer significant potential for engineering applications involving transport and atomization, yet this potential remains largely unexplored.
Vortex Rings as a Cleaning Agent for Oil–Particle-Laden Substrates
Vortex Rings as a Cleaning Agent for Oil–Particle-Laden Substrates
Experimentally investigate the vorticity dynamics and vortex splitting of vortex rings interacting with perforated plates of varying porosity and inclination, providing insights into vortex manipulation using permeable surfaces.
Vortex rings are further explored as a hydrodynamic cleaning mechanism for removing oil and particulate contaminants from porous substrates.
Vortex rings as hydrodynamic dispersants for mitigating underwater oil spillages
Vortex rings as hydrodynamic dispersants for mitigating underwater oil spillages
Vortex rings are employed to atomize oil released through an underwater jet and subsequently transport the resulting droplets.
This approach explores vortex rings as an environmentally friendly, chemical-free alternative to conventional chemical dispersants for mitigating underwater oil spills.
Research outputs:
1) Jain et al., Vortical cleaning of oil-impregnated porous surfaces, Physical Review Fluids, 2023 [Editor's suggestion][Physics magazine: https://physics.aps.org/articles/v16/61]
2) Jain et al., Interaction of a vortex ring with a perforated plate at different included angles, Physical Review Fluids, 2025
4) Jain et al., Vortex rings as hydrodynamic dispersants for mitigating underwater oil spills, under review.
Vortex dynamics inside a soap bubble (2023-present)
Vortex dynamics inside a soap bubble (2023-present)
Significance: The mechanics of an inflating bubble extend to a broad class of fluid–interface systems, including balloon inflation, microfluidic flow focusing, blow molding, soft robotics, medical devices, and biologically inspired flows such as jellyfish locomotion and cardiac chambers. These systems share a common feature: a deforming membrane or interface driving and interacting with the surrounding fluid flow.
The fluid dynamics of an inflating soap bubble is explored using experimental techniques like Particel image velocimetry (PIV).
The scaling laws for the bubble growth, circulation and the decay of the vorticity of the toroidal vortex are deduced.
Research output:
Evaporation characteristics of a droplet in vortical flow (2021-2022)
Evaporation characteristics of a droplet in vortical flow (2021-2022)
Significance: Vortex droplet interaction is crucial for understanding the route of disease transmission through expiratory jet where several such embedded droplets continuously interact with vortical structures of different strengths and sizes.
Acoustically levitated surrogate respiratory droplets are made to interact with vortex rings of different strength along its translation axis to elucidate its affect on evaporation dynamics.
Research output:
1) Shubham Sharma, Siddhant Jain, Abhishek Saha & Saptarshi Basu, Evaporation dynamics of a surrogate respiratory droplet in a vortical environment, JCIS, 2022.
Effect of shear stresses on bacterial physiology
Effect of shear stresses on bacterial physiology
Shear stresses inside microchannel alter bacterial physiology (2022-present)
Shear stresses inside microchannel alter bacterial physiology (2022-present)
Significance: Bacterial motion through microchannel mimics many real life scenarios especially inside human bodies. Modelling this can help understand diseases like bactermia, UTI better.
ESKAPE pathogens are made to flow through the micro channels mimicking human capillaries at various flow rates and under different shear stress levels.
The morphology, viability, virulence and survivability of the stressed bacteria are measured.
Paper links: https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SM01521A
Droplets Microfluidics to fight AMR
Droplets Microfluidics to fight AMR
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical challenge where previously effective antibiotics are becoming less effective against bacterial species. This decline in effectiveness is driven by factors such as the overuse of antibiotics and the natural evolution of bacteria.
Here, the droplet Microfluidics technology will be leveraged to develop rapid drug testing chip to fight the pressing issue of AMR.
Masters work on Dynamic Stalling in H-type Darrieus wind turbines
Dynamic Stall phenomenon in H-type vertical axis wind turbines
Dynamic Stall phenomenon in H-type vertical axis wind turbines
Significance: Understanding dynamic stall in H-type vertical-axis wind turbines is crucial for predicting unsteady aerodynamic loads, power fluctuations, and performance losses. Insights into the transient flow separation and vortex dynamics can guide improved turbine design, efficiency, and structural reliability.
An extensive study is carried out to capture the unsteady dynamic stall phenomenon in H-type vertical axis wind turbines using various turbulence models.
The effect of changing the thickness ratio of symmetric airfoil on the dynamic stall phenomenon was investigated.
Research output:
Extra
Flow characterization around bluff bodies
Flow characterization around bluff bodies
Significance: Characterizing flow around bluff bodies is essential for understanding wake dynamics, vortex shedding, drag, and unsteady forces. These insights are fundamental for improving the design, stability, and performance of structures and devices exposed to fluid flows.
Flow around bluff bodies of various shaped are characterized numerically in terms of wake width, recirculation length, and stagnation pressure.
Research output:
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