A critical component of data analysis is the ability to communicate your findings in a clear, easy to digest way. Charts and Graphs play a critical role in this. The following is a list of the categories of charts and graphs available in Google Sheets:
Line graph
Area graph
Column chart
Pie graph
Scatter plot
Maps
There are a variety of ways to customize graphs and charts. Google Sheets has made this process relatively intuitive and requires some exploration to find all that is available.
To insert a graph or chart:
Select the data that you want to display using a chart or graph.
Click Insert
Select Chart
Google Sheets will automatically generate a chart based on a simple algorithm. It is strongly suggested that you consider your wide variety of options and the type of data story that you are trying to tell. Do not automatically accept the automatic selection as it will not necessarily fit your needs.
Once you have selected the chart type, you can customize the headings, legends, colors etc to best fit your needs.
To see how to customize charts further, please take a look at this resource.