Tree Height: Up to 2m

DESCRIPTION: 

• Evergreen shrub with succulent leaves that are acutely pointed. 

• The leaves range in colour from light grey to yellow and are acutely pointed. 

• Inflorescence is a long raceme up to 2.5 m high with greenish-yellow flowers in dense clusters. 

• Due to the curved stem of the inflorescence, it is sometimes referred to as 'Swan's Neck' or 'Lion's Tail.'

HABITAT: 

• Agave is from the Caribbean region of Mexico and the West Indies. 

• This is not the most hardy of agave species and requires a moist environment. 

• It thrives in partial shade.

USES:  

• The leaves and roots of agave are used to make medicine. 

• Agave has been taken by mouth for constipation, cancer, male-pattern baldness, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

Tree Height: Upto 40m

DESCRIPTION: 

• Its mature bark is greyish and its young branches are copiously marked with lenticels. 

• One unique feature of this tree is that in some places, such as New Guinea, the trunk is three-sided 

HABITAT: 

• The species is found in the sub-Himalayan tract from Yamuna eastwards, ascending up to 1000 m. 

• It occurs in tropical, subtropical, and moist deciduous forests

USES:

•  It is used for treatment of malaria, jaundice, gastrointestinal troubles, cancer and in many other ailments.

Tree Height: up to 24m

DESCRIPTION: 

• Evergreen tree often seen planted along roads.

• Leaves are simple, oblong and have pointed pairs. Minute flowers are inconspicuous, appearing on spikes.

•  Fruits are of an interesting star shape, prominently drooping in clusters.

HABITAT: 

• Native to India. 

• Grows naturally along water bodies and streams, and also cultivated.

USES: 

• Leaves used as food for silkworms. 

• Bark and gum have medicinal applications due to their astringent properties. 

• Brown dye from bark is used for tanning. 

• Grown in parks as avenue tree.

Tree Height: 10 to 15m

DESCRIPTION: 

• Tall, straight-growing tree with a narrow, tapering crown of evergreen leaves. 

• The dark green leaves are glossy, long and narrow; they are shaped like a lance with wavy edges. 

• Flowers are greenish- yellow. 

• The oval shaped fruits appear in clusters and turn purple when ripe.

HABITAT : 

• Ashok is indigenous to parts of South India and Sri Lanka. 

• It is widely cultivated in Indian gardens and parks. 

USES : 

• It is most often planted in straight rows along pathways and roads. 

• Due to its slender and dense form, it is grown as a screen to cut off noise and sightlines along plot boundaries. 

• The leaves are strung together with flowers as decorations during Hindu ceremonies.

Tree Height : 15 to 20m

DESCRIPTION: 

• Large, evergreen tree with a spreading canopy that sometimes covers acres of land. 

• Strangler with aerial roots and spreads by means of roots that lower to the ground and develop into trunks, thus forming a colony of trunks. 

• Large, oval-shaped leaves are simple and have a leathery texture. 

• Fruits are formed from a cluster of flowers, with each flower in it producing a fruit; the flowers mature into a single mass. 

• Each fig thus forms an enclosure with numerous fruits within it.

HABITAT : 

• Grows widely throughout India, and found wild in the Sub- Himalayan forests and western peninsula.

USES: ·    

• Edible

• Attract a large number of birds and mammals

• Bark, leaves, latex, and buds are medicinal and used in Ayurvedic formulations. 

• Ropes are made from the fibre of the aerial roots.

• The tree has deep cultural and religious significance to Indian communities, and it is planted in many public squares and temples.

DESCRIPTION: 

• It has a long stalk and white, colourful flowers that are solitary, winged, and about 8 mm (about 0.31 in) in diameter.

•  The leaves are sessile, lance-shaped, and arranged in an opposite orientation.

HABITAT: 

• Brhingraj (Eclipta abla) is a native of India and Southwest America. 

• The herb grows as a weed and is found throughout India in paddy fields.

USES: 

• Bhringraj becomes an oil when botanical extracts are mixed with a carrier oil.

•  It can prevent hair loss, dandruff, and graying. The plant's leaves have fluids known as liver tonic. 

• It detoxifies the liver, helps cell generation, and enhances the liver's function.

Tree Height: 10 to 15m

DESCRIPTION: 

• Medium-sized, deciduous tree with drooping branches. 

• Simple leaves are small and oblong, and they are arranged in opposite pairs. 

• Minute flowers are produced in clusters in March and April.

• Fleshy, rounded fruits with segments grow around a hard nut in large clusters.

HABITAT: 

• Found in deciduous forests of India and cultivated throughout the subcontinent.

USES:

•  Cultivated for the fruits, which are a rich source of vitamins and minerals. 

• Most parts of the tree, including the flowers, fruits, roots, and bark, are medicinal. 

• The fruit contains rejuvenating properties and is used in Chyavanprash; it is also one of the ingredients of the Ayurvedic preparation Triphala.

DESCRIPTION: 

• Calendula, also called pot marigold, displays bright orange or sunny yellow flowers. 

• The simple leaves can be somewhat toothed and are borne alternately along the stems. 

• The leaves of some species are sessile (lacking a leaf stalk) and may have clasping leaf bases.

HABITAT: 

• Calendula is an annual plant that thrives in almost any soil but can typically be found in Europe, Western Asia, and the United States.

USES: 

• Calendula officinalis, sometimes known as pot marigold, is a plant that is mostly produced for ornamental use.

• It is frequently used in herbal remedies and cosmetics.

Tree Height: 3 to 9m

DESCRIPTION: 

• There are many species of Plumeria, with differences in the shapes of leaves or the colour of flowers and variations in the size of shrubs to medium-sized trees. 

• Common to all are the large, oblong leaves that are simple and clustered towards the branch ends. 

• Attractive flowers are fragrant and occur in many colours, ranging from white to pink to red. 

• Flowers contain no nectar to attract bees and birds; they depend on moths for pollination. 

• Fruits are long, oval-shaped pods that are rarely seen on the tree. 

• Soft branches and leaves contain a milky sap.

HABITAT: 

• Native to tropical America. 

• It is widely cultivated throughout India and Southeast Asia.

USES:

•  Mainly planted as an ornamental in gardens and parks.

• Flowers are used as votive offerings and planted near temples; also referred as a Temple Tree.

DESCRIPTION: 

• Euphorbias is a large genus of shrubs, succulents, and herbaceous plants with over 2,000 species.

•  Succulent species are spiny and resemble cacti. 

• Flowers with no petals, only stigma and stamen, are a common feature. 

• The stems contain a milky sap that is toxic.

HABITAT: 

• Most of the succulent species are endemic to Africa, and some are from India. 

• They are capable of growing in arid and rocky areas.

Tree Height : 0.3 to 1 m

DESCRIPTION: 

• Guduchi are large, deciduous climbing shrubs with typical greenish-yellow flowers found at higher elevations.

•  Leaves are simple, alternate, and exstipulate with long petioles up to 15 cm (6 in) long that are roundish and pulvinate, both at the base and apex, with the basal one longer and twisted partially and halfway around. 

• It gets its name, "heart-leaved moonseed," from its heart-shaped leaves and its reddish fruit.

HABITAT: 

• It is distributed throughout the tropical regions of India that are located 1200 metres above sea level, from Kumaon to Assam. 

• It is native to India, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka.

USES: 

• It is effective for treating skin disorders like itching, burning sensations, redness, etc. 

• Guduchi has been shown to reduce blood sugar levels, especially during fasting.

•  The stem of Guduchi helps with inflammation and arthritis. It also aids in the relief of joint pain and a variety of other arthritis-related symptoms. 

• It is used to manage fever occurring due to malaria, dengue, and swine flu. When given in these conditions, it is known to increase platelet levels in the blood. 

• It is useful in the management of leprosy.

Shrub Height: up to 1 m

DESCRIPTION: 

• Bushy shrub with multiple shoots that arise from rhizomes.

• Stems comprise a series of leaves tightly wrapped around each other. 

• Leaves are deciduous, narrow, and up to 7 cm long. 

• Flowers are rare on cultivated plants and are pale yellow with a purple lip and yellow spots.

HABITAT: 

• This shrub, which is perhaps native to India, thrives in humid, somewhat shaded regions throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of that country.

USES: 

• Widely grown in India as a commercial crop and is used in food, drinks, cosmetics, and medicines. 

• Rhizome is aromatic and is the source of ginger, which has been used as a food flavouring for centuries. 

• Medicinally, it is used to treat colds and coughs.

DESCRIPTION: 

• Tall, woody shrub with sparse foliage and upright branches.

• Leaves are tiny, lance-shaped, and arranged in opposite pairs. Minute flowers are faintly fragrant.

HABITAT: 

• A native to Arabia and Persia and cultivated in dry regions of India such as Rajasthan, Punjab, and Gujarat.

USES:

•  Leaves produce an orange dye, commonly called mehndi or henna. 

• It is used for colouring the hair, producing decorative patterns on the palms and feet, and sometimes for dyeing fabrics.

• Leaves and flowers yield an essential oil used in perfumes.

• Leaves are known to have astringent properties and are used in Ayurveda and Unani medicine.

Shrub Height: up to 4m

DESCRIPTION: 

• Evergreen shrub with large, dark green and shiny, toothed leaves that are arranged alternately.

•  Large flowers are single and bright red, and have a long central tube with stamens and pistils at the tip. 

• Hundreds of varieties are available, with flower colours ranging from scarlet to orange, to yellow to white.

HABITAT: 

• Grows well in most parts of India. 

• Deep, moderately fertile, well-drained soil is ideal for the plant.

USES: 

• A highly ornamental garden plant. 

• Petals are dried and used to brew tea. 

• Leaves and petals are used in many home beauty remedies. 

• It Is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat diarrhoea and colitis and to promote hair growth.

DESCRIPTION: 

• It is an important timber tree, popularly known as Shisham. 

• The trunk is often crooked, assuming interesting forms, and the crown has delicate foliage. 

• A deciduous tree, its leaves are compound and comprise 3 or 5 leaflets arranged alternately. 

• In March, flowers appear shortly after new leaves emerge. 

• They are creamy-white and inconspicuous, bearing a faint scent. 

• Fruit pods are flat and narrow and hang on the tree for many months.

HABITAT: 

• The Sub-Himalayan Tracts along riverbanks and streams are its native range. 

• It thrives in moist conditions, where it grows into a large tree.

USES: 

• Wood is hard and durable and resistant to termites. 

• It is loved for its beautiful grain pattern and is used in making furniture. This species is hardy and adaptable and is commonly seen planted along roads as an avenue tree in North India. 

• Oil from the seed is used in remedies to treat skin conditions.

Shrub Height: 0.5 to 3m

DESCRIPTION: 

• Plant of subtropical and tropical regions, famed for its sweet-smelling flowers. 

• The small leaves are glossy green. 

• Flowers are star-shaped and tubular.

•  Colours are mainly white, but some are yellow and sometimes pink-red. 

• Jasmine flowers are mostly found in the summer, but they can also be found in the spring and autumn. 

HABITAT: 

• The natural distribution of species is mostly in Asia and Africa in warm climates, but they are also grown in colder climates in glasshouses. 

• In India, it is a popular garden plant and is also cultivated commercially for its flowers.

USES: 

• Flowers are used as offerings and strung into garlands to decorate the braids of women. 

• Jasmine oil is used in perfumes, incense, cosmetics, and soaps.

• The leaves of some jasmines are used in various medicinal remedies.

DESCRIPTION: 

• Large tree with an upright trunk and horizontal branching. It has a distinct form.

•  It is deciduous, and its large leaves are simple, oval in shape, and have pointed tips. 

• The veins are prominent in the leaves.

•  Flowers are fragrant and come in the form of a globe, comprising numerous tiny buds. 

• The flowers drop off, leaving a bare globe, which is a fruit that is eaten by many birds and other animals.

HABITAT: 

• It is an indigenous tree of India, found in the sub-Himalayan tracts of north-east India.

•  It is also popular in city parks and avenues throughout India.

USES: 

• The ripe orange pulp of the fruit is edible and can be eaten fresh or made into a summer drink that is considered nutritional and a coolant. 

• It also possesses medicinal properties as an astringent, anti-inflammatory, and healer of wounds. 

• The tree is of significance to the Hindu faith and associated with Shiva temples, where the leaves are used as votive offerings. 

• An essential oil from the flowers is known to be used in making perfumes.

Tree Height: 8m to 20m

DESCRIPTION: 

• Karanja is an evergreen or briefly deciduous tree of medium size. 

• The trunk is straight or crooked, 50 cm in diameter, and covered with grey to greyish brown bark. 

• The leaves of the tree alternate and are short-stalked and rounded at the base.

HABITAT: 

• Karanja are distributed throughout India up to 1200 feet height above sea level.

USES: 

• Karanja is a medicinal herb mainly used for skin disorders. 

• All parts of the Karanja tree (roots, flowers, leaves, and bark) are used for medicinal purposes.

•  Karanja is widely used to treat constipation because it improves gut motility. 

DESCRIPTION: 

• Spiny tree with a dark, crooked trunk and a wide, floating crown. 

• The mimosa-like leaves are compound and twice pinnate, with small, oval leaflets arranged in opposite pairs. 

• Flowers are minute and greenish-yellow in colour. They are densely clustered along a droopy spike. 

• Fruit pods are long and flat and usually curved.

HABITAT: 

• Native to South America, Mesquite was introduced to the arid regions of India in a bid to reforest barren tracts. 

• It is now considered invasive, taking over native vegetation.

USES: 

• Leaves and pods are used as food for cattle. 

• In its native region, flour is made from the pods after removing the seeds. 

• It is rich in protein and sugar.

•  Wood is collected by local communities for firewood.

Tree Height: 10 to 15m

DESCRIPTION: 

• One of the most common trees planted in India, it is a medium-sized tree with a nearly evergreen crown. 

• The feathery leaves are compound in nature, and the leaflets are lance-shaped. 

• Flowers are small and white in loose clusters and are faintly fragrant. 

• Oblong fruits are berry-like, turn yellow when ripe, and contain one seed.

HABITAT: 

• Widely cultivated and naturalised in most parts of India, it occurs wild in the dry forests of the Deccan Peninsula in Myanmar.

USES: 

• Wood is a very durable material that is commonly used in carpentry. 

• Leaves contain a compound called azadirachtin that repels insects. 

• Dried leaves are kept in cupboards to keep away moths. 

• Neem oil from seeds is used in soaps. 

• The bark of roots and stems, leaves, and oil are medicinal.

• Neem twigs are chewed and used as toothbrushes. 

• The seedcake after oil extraction is used for its excellent nature.

DESCRIPTION: 

• Large, evergreen shrub that is common along Indian roads.

• Narrow, lance-shaped leaves and flowers are profuse in summer and faintly fragrant. 

• Colours vary from white, cream, yellow, and pink to red. 

• All parts of the plant are highly toxic, and cows and goats do not eat them.

HABITAT: 

• Hardy plant that can survive poor soil conditions and is drought-tolerant. 

• Widely cultivated in most parts of India. 

• Nerium is found in warm climate zones ranging from northern Africa to south-west Asia. 

USES: 

• Suitable for roadside planting, and also grown in parks and gardens.

•  Oleandrin present in most part of the plant is used medicinally to stimulate the heart and also as a diuretic.

Tree Height: 18 to 20m

DESCRIPTION: 

• A deciduous tree with a rounded crown. Leaves are simple, shaped like hearts, and have acutely pointed tips. 

• The new leaves are a flush of red and show prominent veins.

• Flowers and fruits are typical of the fig family and are borne directly on the branches.

HABITAT: Grows widely throughout India.

USES: 

• Of religious significance to both Hindu and Buddhist religions. It's best known as the Bodhi Tree, under which Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment. 

• A sapling from the original Bodhi Tree in Bodhgaya is known to survive in Sri Lanka; it is claimed that it is more than 2000 years old.

Tree Height: 20 to 25m

DESCRIPTION: 

• A large tree with a dense, spreading crown. 

• The trunk is short, topped by an overbearing crown of lush foliage.

•  A network of aerial roots wraps around the trunk of the tree.

• Leaves are simple, elliptical in shape, and taper to pointed tips.

• They are shed at the end of winter, and new leaves appear in the spring in various shades of copper, maturing to a fresh green. 

• Figs are small in size and light in colour, often referred to as the "white fig."

HABITAT: 

• Found in the Sub- Himalayan range of North- west India and parts of Central India.

USES: 

• Fast growing shade tree, often planted as an avenue tree along roads and in parks.

DESCRIPTION:  

• Poppies have lobed or dissected leaves and milky sap.

•  The buds are often nodding and are borne on solitary stalks.

• The flowers have four to six petals with numerous stamens surrounding the ovary. 

• The two sepals usually drop off as the petals unfold.

HABITAT:  

• It is generally found in the northern hemisphere. 

• It is thought to be native to the Mediterranean Basin, south-eastern Europe, and western Asia. 

• However, it is cultivated in many temperate regions of the world today.

USES: 

• Morphine, codeine, and other opium alkaloids with numbing, calming, and sedative effects are found in the poppy plant.

Tree Height : 3m to 5m

DESCRIPTION:

•  It is a moderately-sized evergreen tree with conical thorns and light-green, bluish foliage. 

• The leaflets, which are dark green, have a tiny, pointy end. 

• The flowers of the Shami tree are very small and insubstantial and yellow or creamy white in colour.

HABITAT: 

• It is native to arid portions of Western Asia and the Indian Subcontinent, including Afghanistan, Bahrain, Iran, India, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

USES: 

• A decoction of the crushed bark is used as a gargle to relieve sore throats and toothaches, and the dried, powdered bark is applied topically to aid ulcer healing. 

• Ayurveda advises using it to treat a wide range of illnesses, including schizophrenia, respiratory tract infections, herpes with high fever, loose motion, and more.

Tree Height: up to 8m

DESCRIPTION: 

• Small, deciduous tree, often with a crooked trunk. 

• Compound leaves have a silvery sheen and have narrow leaflets arranged palmately. 

• Showy, trumpet-shaped yellow flowers appear in clusters.

HABITAT: 

• Native to South America. 

• Cultivated all over India, it grows taller in moist climates than in dry regions and is drought-tolerant.

USES: 

• Attractive flowering tree, mainly planted as an ornamental in parks and gardens.

•  Crooked trunks form an interesting shape.

Shrub Height: 1 to 2 m

DESCRIPTION: 

• Evergreen tropical plant with an erect trunk covered with leaves. These are stiff, long, and narrow, with sharp, pointed ends. 

• The leaves resemble swords, and the plant is also known as the Spanish bayonet. With age, the leaves drop to reveal a long, bare stem. 

• Flowers are white and showy, and they grow in large clusters on a spike.

HABITAT: 

• Introduced from parts of North America and Mexico. 

• Hardy plant that can adapt to various soil conditions and does well in semi- arid regions.

USES: 

• A popular accent plant planted as an ornamental shrub in gardens.