A language achieves global status when it has a special role recognized in every country and is spoken by a majority in more than a few countries. Britain at the beginning of the 19th century had become the world’s leading industrial and trading country. In addition, the population of the USA increased and by the end of the century, it was larger than some western Europe countries. These made English a global language
Global Englishes refers to the form of Englishes that has been developed by non-native speakers. This means that there is not only one English. English has spread throughout the world because of some reasons. There are two dispersals; the first one is English is transported to Australia and New Zealand. And the second dispersal is English is transported to Africa and Asia. For example, trades, migrations, and the slave trade are one of the reasons how English spread to the world. Different models analyze the spread of English to the world. For example Kachru’s three-circle model of world Englishes, Streven’s world map of English, or McArthur’s circle model of English.
Because of the spread of English to the world, different user groups show up. These are ENL, ESL, EFL, and ELF. ENL means “English as a native speaker” this refers to native English speakers. In ENL countries, English is historically the first language to be spoken such as the United Kingdom and the United States. The disseminations start from these countries or with people from these countries. ESL means “English as a second language” this refers to the language spoken in large territories such as India, or Bangladesh. In these countries, English is used as a second language because they were colonized by English. EFL means, “English, as a foreign language” EFL countries were never colonized by English, and English, is not used much within their borders. Such as Turkiye and Libya. The last group of English users is ELF. ELF means “English as a lingua franca” speakers of ELF use English for intercultural communications. This group is the world’s largest English-using group now.