Modeling in AMOS

Data Analysis with AMOS

One of the techniques to analyze multivariate data is by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Approach.

One of the popular SEM software is AMOS.

IBM® SPSS® Amos is a powerful structural equation modeling software helping support your research and theories by extending standard multivariate analysis methods, including regression, factor analysis, correlation, and analysis of variance.

Amos is specially used for Structural Equation Modeling, path analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis.

In AMOS, we can draw models graphically using simple drawing tools. AMOS quickly performs the computations for SEM and displays the results.

What is Variable?

An element, feature, or factor that is liable to vary or change.

Anything that can take on differing or varying values.

A characteristic, number, or quantity that increases or decreases over time.

The values can differ at various times for the same object or person, or at the same time for different objects or persons.

Endogenous vs Exogenous Variables

Endogenous Variable

Constructs to be explained in the model.

Variable that is influenced/affected by other variables.

Variable that has arrow(s) pointing into it.

Exogenous Variable

Construct that explains other constructs in the model.

Variable that is not affected by other variables, rather it affects others

Variable that has arrow(s) pointing out from it.

Latent & Manifest Variables

Latent Variable

The Variable that is not directly observed but are rather inferred (through a mathematical model) from other variables that are observed (directly measured).

This variable needs a manifest variable assigned to it as an indicator.

Manifest Variables

Variable that can be directly measured or observed. Each latent variable must have at least 2 manifest variables.

The 2-Step Approach in SEM

Step 1: Building & Testing Measurement Model

To assess construct validity of the model (i.e., the relationships between latent variable & its manifest variables.

Step 2: Building & Testing Structural Model

To test hypotheses (i.e., the relationships between latent variables).

Brief Instruction of Using AMOS

Step 1 : Load AMOS Software.

Step 2 : Create new project – assign name of project.

Step 3 : Load a data file.

Step 4 : Draw and save a measurement model.

Step 5 : Calculate estimate and summarize convergent validity and discriminant validity.

Step 6 : Convert the valid measurement model to a structural model.

Step 7 : Save the structural model.

Step 8 : Calculate estimate and summarize the results of hypotheses testing.

Example of Measurement Model

Example of Structural Model

Before we get started...

Cross tabulation is a statistical tool that is used to analyze categorical data. Categorical data is data or variables that are separated into different categories that are mutually exclusive from one another.

As an exercise, click here to download the data.

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