6.2 Transformers
A transformer is a device that changes the voltage of an alternating current.
It is made up of a soft iron core with a coil of insulated wire on both sides of the core.
When alternating current is flowing through the primary coil, a changing magnetic field is created continuously.
This changing magnetic field induces an alternating voltage in the secondary coil.
Primary coil – receives input voltage,
Secondary coil – produces output voltage.
The voltage produced (output voltage) can either increases or decreases, depends on:
i. The input voltage
ii. The number of turns of the primary and secondary coil.
In a transformer, the voltage is larger on the side with more turns (wire coil).
Types of transformers:
i. Step -up transformer
ii. Step- down transformer
Differences between step-up and step- down transformer
FORMULA
Where;
Vp = input voltage of primary coil or primary voltage
Vs = output voltage of secondary coil or secondary voltage
Np = number of turns of primary coil
Ns = number of turns of secondary coil
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