AC to DC and Variable Power Supply 

Overview:

The AC to DC and Variable Power Supply is a compact and efficient electronic circuit designed to convert AC voltage into multiple regulated DC outputs. This system provides stable and fixed voltage levels of 5V, 6V, 9V, and 12V, making it ideal for powering a wide range of electronic devices and development boards.

Key Features:

1. Converts AC input to stable DC output

2. Provides multiple fixed outputs (5V, 6V, 9V, 12V)

3. Built with reliable voltage regulators

4. Low ripple and noise due to filtering capacitors

5. Easy to use terminal connections

6.  Suitable for continuous operation

Working Principle:

The circuit operates in three main stages:

1. Rectification
   AC input is converted into DC using a diode rectifier.

2. Filtering
   A large capacitor smooths the DC signal by reducing ripple.

3. Voltage Regulation
   Different series regulators (7805, 7806, 7809, 7812) provide fixed and stable output voltages.

Output Voltages:

This power supply provides the following outputs simultaneously:

1.  5V Output – Ideal for microcontrollers (Arduino, sensors)

2.  6V Output – Suitable for small motors and circuits

3.  9V Output – Common for electronics modules

4.  12V Output – Used for relays, motors, and LED systems

Applications:

1. Arduino & microcontroller projects

2. Robotics systems

3. Electronics testing and prototyping

4. Sensor modules and IoT devices

5. Educational lab experiments