Description：

Neurothemis fluctuans (Coppertone Velvetwing) is a species of dragonfly in the family Libellulidae. Its size is smaller than N. terminata and N. ramburi. The male hindwing may measure up to 24 mm with mainly brown abdomen, lacking red marks and has distinctive hindwing pattern. Meanwhile, the female hindwing is 22 to 25 mm long with hyaline wings and slightly yellow tint at base. Its larva can withstand at high water temperature in shallow pools (Orr, 2005).

The Coppertone Velvetwing is a very commonly found around lakes, drains, marshes and paddy but sometimes in sunlit forest clearing far from water. It is widespread in tropical Asia (Orr, 2005; Subramanian, 2010).

Description：

Rhyothemis phyllis, commonly known as Yellow-striped Flutterer is a dragonfly species in the family Libellulidae. Its hindwing may measure up to 37 mm (Orr, 2005). It is an unmistakable dragonfly with very distinctive wing markings and one of the most frequently observed in the region. Both sexes are very similar. The eyes are reddish-brown on top and light brown below while the thorax and abdomen are dark, slightly metallic, and almost black. The base of hindwing has a distinctive barred pattern of yellow, dark brown and deep metallic blue (Tang et al., 2010).

The Yellow-striped Flutterer normally breeds in marshy ponds, lakes and drains, including slightly brackish water. Both sexes, especially juveniles will forage on hill tops and in open secondary forests or kerangas. This species is widespread throughout tropical Asia and Australia with several geographical races (Orr, 2005).

Description：

Diplacodes trivialis (Blue Percher) is a species of dragonfly in the family Libellulidae. In males, the hindwing may measure up to 23 mm. It has small pruinose blue with pale anal appendage, broad hindwing with clear base, thin abdomen and slightly swollen basally. The immature individuals are pale greenish yellow with black marking which resembles of a tiny Orthetrum sabina (Slender Skimmer) while the female has similar markings to the immature male (Orr, 2005).

The Blue Percher is commonly found in open marshes and shallow drains in disturbed areas over a wide altitudinal range. It searches for food on the mountain tops and forest edges which is far from the water resources. This species is widespread and common in tropical Asia and Australasia (Orr, 2005) where it occurs from India to China and Japan and southwards to New Guinea and Australia (Subramanian, 2010).

Description：

Orthetrum Sabina (Slender Skimmer) is a dragonfly species belonging to family Libellulidae. Its hindwing may measure up to 34 mm in males and 36 mm in females. It can be recognized by pale yellowish green pattern and swollen abdomen on segment 1-3. 

The female has similar characteristics to male. The Slender Skimmer is commonly found in degraded, open habitats including drains, ponds and marshes; often forages at forest margins and in the canopy. Its larvae are found in a wide range of situations with muddy or leafy substrate and salt tolerance. It is widespread in old world tropics and subtropics (Orr, 2005).

Description：

Ceriagrion cerinorubellum is locally known as Ornate Coraltail. It is one of commonest species and most colorful members of its family (Coenagrionidae). Its hindwing may measure up to 17mm. Both sexes have similar coloration (Orr, 2005). This damselfly is commonly found in a wide variety of standing water habitats from drains in town and cities to marshes and swamp forest as well as landward margins of mangroves swamp (Dow, 2010). It prefers to breed in ponds and drains in disturbed open areas, urban gardens and swamp forest edges. It is widespread in tropical Asia (Orr, 2005), ranging from Pakistan to southern Vietnam and south to Java (Dow, 2010).

Hymenopus coronatus or commonly known as Malaysian orchid mantis as its pink and white appearance resembles an orchid flower petal. It is also locally known as ‘belalang sentadu anggerek’ Malaysia. This species is highly sought after since it has these beautiful bright colours and is quite large. It is one of several species known as flower mantises from their resemblance and behaviour. This mantis can change its colour between pink and brown, according to its background colour. 

It is an aggressive mimic that attracts pollinators as prey items. Aside from its incredibly good disguises, orchid mantises look a lot like regular mantises. They have four legs, two sets of wings and two eyes that protrude from the top of their head. It is mostly found on or near orchids whose flower shape and colour are imitated in a perfect way. This species can be found in the rainforests of South-East Asia, including Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Indonesia.

Description：

Tacua speciosa is a very large Southeast Asian cicada. It is the only member of the genus Tacua and is found in Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Singapore and the Malay Peninsula.

T. speciosa has a wingspan of 15-18 cm (5.9-7.1 in) and a head-body length of 4.7-5.7 cm (1.9-2.2 in). Megapomponia, Pomponia and Tacua are the largest cicadas in the world. Tacua speciosa has black wings, a yellow-green collar, a red stripe on the thorax and a turquoise abdomen.

Description：

Dundubia vaginata is one of the most widespread species of the genus Dundubia and typically found in tropical forests. The recorded distribution is widespread throughout SE Asia: from India and China to Japan, Thailand, Malesia, through to Sulawesi and northern Australia.

This species can have a uniform jade green colour throughout the body and has transparent wings. Its colour is actually very variable and the head, thorax and abdomen vary from ochre to green through brown. Both pairs of wings are hyaline and may be slightly tinged with bronze. Males measure 35 to 45 mm and females 30 to 39 mm. The front of the head is never black. The upper part of the clypeus is twice as wide at the base as the anterior lateral margins of the vertex. The rostrum passes the intermediate coxa, barely reaching the posterior coxa. The apex of the rostrum is black.

Description：

Xylocopa latipes, the broad-handed carpenter bee, is a species of carpenter bee widely dispersed throughout Southeast Asia. This bee inhabits forests and constructs nests by burrowing into wood. It often makes long deep tunnels in wooden rafters, fallen trees, telephone poles, etc., but is not found in living trees.

Xylocopa latipes is among the largest Xylocopa known and among the largest bees of the world (though it is not the world's largest, that title belongs to another Southeast Asian bee, the Indonesian Megachile pluto). It has a loud and distinctive, low-pitched buzzing that can be heard as it flies between flowers or perches. 

Carpenter bees choose dead wood, pithy stems and bamboo culms for nesting. Preferred wood species for the broad-handed carpenter bee include, Syzygium cumini, Cassia siamea, Dyera costulata (jelutong), Agathis alba (damar minyak), Alstonia spp. (pulai), and Shorea spp. (light-red meranti). They tend to avoid nyatoh, kapur, kempas, and mengkulang (local names for native trees of Malaysia).

Description：

Oecophylla smaragdina, more commonly known as kerengga or red weaver ants, is a species of arboreal ant found in tropical Asian countries and Australia. 

These ants form colonies with multiple nests among the foliage of trees. Colonies can be extremely large consisting of more than a hundred nests extending over numerous trees and containing more than half a million workers. Each nest is made of leaves stitched together using the silk secreted by the ant larvae. Nests are built during the night, with major workers weaving towards the exterior and minor workers completing the interior structure. 

This species is highly territorial and workers aggressively defend their territories against intruders. They prey on insects that are harmful to their host trees. Despite the fact that this species lacks a functional sting but it can inflict painful bites. 

It is widely distributed in tropical Asia and Australia.

Description：

The larvae and adults are considered neither pests nor vectors. Instead, black soldier fly larvae play a role similar to that of redworms as essential decomposers in breaking down organic substrates and returning nutrients to the soil. Additionally, black soldier fly larvae are an alternative source of protein for aquaculture, animal feed, and pet food. 

The larvae have voracious appetites and can be used for composting household food scraps and agricultural waste products. Since the late 20th century, H. illucens has increasingly been gaining attention because of its usefulness for recycling organic waste and generating animal feed. 

This species is native to the Neotropical realm, but in recent decades has spread across all continents, becoming virtually cosmopolitan.

Description：

Horse-flies and deer flies are true flies in the family Tabanidae in the insect order Diptera. The adults are often large and agile in flight. Only female horseflies bite land vertebrates, including humans, to obtain blood. They prefer to fly in sunlight, avoiding dark and shady areas, and are inactive at night. 

Blood-sucking flies, or 'pikot' as they are called by villagers in Sabah, can cause pain, redness and swelling in the area where they bite.

Description：

Commonly known as Colour Sergeant, this brush-footed butterfly is found from India to South China through Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Palawan. It inhabits mainly in lowland forests, including logged forest. It is a common butterfly on the plains but is rather rare on the hills (Kirton, 2014).

The Colour Sergeant has a wingspan about 3.0 cm long. Both sexes have different coloration. The male has velvety black upperside with bluish-white markings and ground colour underside. However, the female occurs in two distinct forms where the upperside is brown with either orange-markings (subsp. neftina) or brown markings (subsp. subrata). Its underside is similar to the male but paler (Kirton, 2014).

Description：

Moduza procris, the commander, sometimes included in the genus Limenitis, is a medium-sized, strikingly coloured brush-footed butterfly found in South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is notable for the mode of concealment employed by its caterpillar and the cryptic camouflage of its pupa.

The male and female are similar in appearance.

Description：

The species is native to a wide range of tropical South-East Asia: Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines. It is also recorded from Andaman Islands, southern China, the Himalayas, and sporadically in East Asia: Taiwan, Japan and South Korea. The forewing length is about 70 mm (2.8 in) and the wingspan reaches a maximum of 160 mm (6.3 in).

It is most abundant from May to November depending on the location. The genus Lyssa is generally categorized as a nocturnal or crepuscular group, but this species has been found to be active both during the day and at night. This species is also known for its mass emergence and migration. Because of that ecology and the habit that they are often attracted by urban bright lights, this species can attract human attention.

The larvae feed on Endospermum and other members of the rubber tree family (Euphorbiaceae).

Description：

It is considered a forest pest, because its larvae feed on the leaves of young Dryobalanops lanceolata. Larvae have also been reared on Shorea lepidota.