Conducting Research

Tips for Conducting Research

Below is a short list of resources to help you begin researching American Indian history. Each resource also explains what the source is about - this is called an Annotated Bibliography. Remember, this is not a complete list. You should conduct additional research to explore your topic through other primary and secondary sources.

Secondary Sources

Books (or Monographs)

Note: An asterisk (*) means the source is written by a Native scholar.

* Brooks, Lisa. Our Beloved Kin: A New History of King Philip's War. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2018.

This book explores war, captivity, and Native resistance during the “First Indian War” (later named King Philip’s War). It tells the stories of Weetamoo, a female Wampanoag leader, and James Printer, a Nipmuc scholar, whose stories come together in the captivity of Mary Rowlandson.

* Dunbar-Ortiz, Roxanne. An Indigenous Peoples’ History of the United States. Boston: Beacon Press, 2015.

This book tells the history of the United States from the viewpoint of Indigenous peoples. It shows how Native Americans actively resisted the U.S. empire getting bigger for hundreds of years. It spans more than 400 years of history and shares the experiences of everyday people.

* Gallay, Alan. The Indian Slave Trade: The Rise of the English Empire in the South, 1670-1717. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003.

This book documents the American Indian slave trade, which was central to the Southern colonies in the early colonial period. Gallay argues this trade played an important role in European colonization and the creation of American plantation slavery. He also studies how American Indian communities viewed politics and war with people from Europe.


* Kern, Kevin F. & Wilson, Gregory. Ohio: A History of the Buckeye State. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 2014.

This book details the history of Ohio’s past from its earliest geological periods to the present day. Topics include history, the study of ancient civilizations, and political science. The book also includes chapters that focus on Ohio’s major social, economic, and political movements.


* Krauthamer, Barbara. Black Slaves, Indian Masters: Slavery, Emancipation, and Citizenship in the Native American South. Chapel Hill: UNC Press, 2013.

In this book, Krauthamer talks about how Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians bought, sold, and owned Africans and African American slaves from the 1700s to 1865. She studies the history of slavery, freedom, race, and citizenship. The book shows how American Indians and their Black slaves lived.


* Mann, Charles. 1491: New Revelations of the Americans before Columbus. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2006.

This book discusses how American Indians actively molded and changed the land around them before Columbus came to America. Many people think that the Americas were a wild place before 1492. This book proves that American Indians settled and took care of the land.


* Miles, Tiya. The House on Diamond Hill: A Cherokee Plantation Story. Chapel Hill: UNC Press, 2010.

This book studies the famous Southern plantation of James Vann, a Cherokee chief and entrepreneur. It explores the history of different cultural and racial communities on the plantation. These groups included Cherokee people who owned slaves, farmers, Black slaves, German missionaries, and white workers.


* -----. Ties that Bind: The Story of an Afro-Cherokee Family in Slavery and Freedom. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.

This book tells the story of Shoe Boots, a famous Cherokee warrior and farmer, and Doll, an African slave during the 1790s. It provides a look into the hard realities of black slavery within American Indian nations. It also talks about the complex relations between African Americans, American Indians, and whites in the early 1800s.


* Parker, Geoffrey, Richard Sisson, & William Russell Coil, eds., Ohio & the World, 1753-2053 – Essays towards a new history of Ohio. Columbus: The Ohio State University Press, 2005.

This group of essays explores Ohio’s history and its connection to the wider world. Topics include Ohio and the Native American world, race and religion, the Civil War period, and oil and industry.


* Reséndez, Andrés. The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016.

This book details the history of Indigenous slavery in the Americas. Reséndez argues that mass slavery, not widespread sicknesses, wiped out indigenous populations across North America.


* Spence, Mark D. Dispossessing the Wilderness: Indian Removal and the Making of the National Parks. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

This book talks about the beginnings of U.S. national parks. It examines the link between changes in Indian policy and efforts to preserve the land in the 1900s.


* Vaughan, Alden T. Transatlantic Encounters: American Indians in Britain, 1500-1776. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

This book examines the origins and experiences of 175 American Indians who traveled to the British Isles before the American Revolution. It proves how these people acted as agents, prisoners, showpieces, and representatives for their communities and the European colonists.


* Warhus, Mark. Another America: Native American Maps and the History of Our Land. New York: 1998.

This book includes rare American Indian maps made on buffalo skins, rocks, bark and paper. These maps help us understand land-based rights and agreements between nations. They also describe trade routes and show locations of valuable items.


* Weaver, Jace. The Red Atlantic: American Indigenes and the Making of the Modern World, 1000-1927. Chapel Hill: UNC Press, 2014.

From the early days of European contact, American Indians played a large role in the Atlantic experience. This book talks about how Indigenous peoples crossed the ocean as royals, representatives, slaves, laborers, soldiers, performers, and tourists. It also explores how they shared useful items and knowledge that shaped world cultures.


* Wilkins, David E., ed. Documents of Native American Political Development: 1500s to 1933. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.

This book has a thorough set of documents showing the different ways that Native nations ruled themselves before 1934. Natives from many different nations and some non-Natives wrote these sources. The documents include traditional accounts, tribal constitutions, legal codes, business councils, rules, BIA agents reports, governmental discussion, and intertribal compacts.


* Wilkins, David E., ed. Documents of Native American Political Development: 1933 to Present. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019.

Like Volume One above, Volume Two has a detailed set of documents that show different ways that Native nations ruled themselves from 1933 to the present. It is organized into the following eras: indigenous political resurgence and reorganization (1934 to 1940s), indigenous termination/relocation (1940s to 1960s), indigenous self-determination (1960s to 1980s), and indigenous self-governance (1980s to present).

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Websites

"Tribal Nations & the United States: An Introduction," National Congress of American Indians, Accessed June 30, 2021, https://www.ncai.org/about-tribes

This website was developed to provide a basic overview of the history and underlying principles of tribal governance. It also includes introductory information about tribal governments and American Indian and Alaska Native people today.

"Learn about Indian Affairs," U.S. Department of Interior Indian Affairs, Accessed June 30, 2021, https://www.bia.gov/

This website helps students learn more about the work of the U.S. Department of Interior's Bureau of Indian Affairs. It also contains a search engine to help students find more information about topics such as food, sports, politics, education and much more.

“Native Knowledge 360°,” National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution, Accessed June 30, 2021, https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/

This website gives teachers and students new points of view on Native American history and cultures. NK360° challenges common beliefs about Native peoples. It offers a view of past and present Native peoples and cultures.

“Exhibits and Collections,” Native American Heritage Month, Library of Congress, Accessed June 30, 2021, https://nativeamericanheritagemonth.gov/exhibits-and-collections/

This website helps students and teachers explore the huge history and experiences of Native Americans. The website is a group project of the Library of Congress, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Gallery of Art, the National Park Service, the Smithsonian Institution, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, and the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.

“Teaching Native American Histories,” University of Massachusetts, Accessed June 30, 2021, https://teachnativehistories.umass.edu/additional-resources-landing-page

This website provides resources, activities, and primary sources about Native American histories. It has information on social justice, art, food sovereignty, identity, language, music, dance, movies, and theater. While this website is mainly for teachers, students can also find a lot of information.

“Invasion of America” eHistory, University of Georgia, 2011, https://ehistory.org/

History experts Claudio Saunt and Stephen Berry founded eHistory at the University of Georgia in 2011. The first project launched was IndianNation. It isa crowdsource/mapping application that geolocates the 237,000 Native Americans represented in the 1900 census. 1900 was the historic low point of the native population. Since then, eHistory has become a website for students and scholars to access and create digital scholarship.

eHistory, The Ohio State University, https://ehistory.osu.edu/

The Department of History at The Ohio State University created and maintains this website. It is a collection of primary sources, film material, online books, and reviews. It offers a window into the past for history students. It covers both American and world history.

Myaamia Center, Miami University, https://miamioh.edu/myaamia-center/

This website publishes digital research about the Myaamia Nation for students and teachers. The Center is an effort of the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma effort, and it is located at Miami University. It does research, education, and outreach that encourages Myaamia language, culture, knowledge, and values.

Indian Country Today: Digital Indigenous News, https://indiancountrytoday.com/

This website is a nonprofit news project that combines video, sound, words, and pictures. It covers news about the indigenous world, including American Indians and Alaska Natives.

Primary Sources

Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers, National Endowment for the Humanities & Library of Congress, https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/

Search America's historic newspaper pages from 1777-1963 or use the U.S. Newspaper Directory to find information about American newspapers published between 1690 and the present.

DocsTeach: American Indian Collection, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, https://www.docsteach.org/topics/american-indians

DocsTeach is a product of the National Archives education division. Their mission is to engage, educate, and inspire all learners to discover and explore the records of the American people preserved by the National Archives.

“Experiencing War – Willing to Serve: American Indians,” Veterans History Project, 2009, https://www.loc.gov/vets/stories/ex-war-nativeamericans.html?loclr=blogtea

The Veterans History Project created this special website. It is a collection of oral histories from American Indians who served in the United States Armed Forces.

“Gibagadinamaagoom” University of Pennsylvania, https://ojibwearchive.sas.upenn.edu/

In Ojibwemowin (the language of the Anishinaabe or Ojibwe people), Gibagadinamaagoom means “to bring to life, to sanction, and to give permission.” The mission of this educational website is to share the wisdom of the Ojibwe and bring it to life through digital storytelling.

Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/

The Library of Congress is the largest library in the world. It has millions of books, recordings, photographs, newspapers, maps and manuscripts in its collections. The Library is the main research arm of the U.S. Congress and the home of the U.S. Copyright Office. It has a very large digital collection, too.

National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI), Smithsonian Institution, https://americanindian.si.edu/explore/collections/search

The NMAI cares for one of the world's biggest collections of Native artifacts. The collection includes objects, photographs, archives, and media covering the whole Western Hemisphere. It spans from the Arctic Circle to Tierra del Fuego.

Ohio Memory, Ohio History Connection, 2000, https://www.ohiomemory.org/

Ohio Memory is the joint statewide digital library program of the Ohio History Connection and the State Library of Ohio. On this free website, you can view over 1,000,000 digital items. These items come from over 390 cultural heritage institutions that represent all 88 of Ohio’s counties. The website covers a wide range of topics from prehistory to present day.

“Online Collections Catalog,” Ohio History Connection, 2000, https://ohiohistory.on.worldcat.org/discovery

Here you’ll find a large collection of newspapers, photos, manuscripts, books, maps and government records. The collection is also available in the Research Room at the Ohio History Center in Columbus.

Smithsonian Folk Ways Recordings, Smithsonian Institution, https://tinyurl.com/FolkWayRecordings

Smithsonian Folk Ways has a large collection of traditional tribal music and original American Indian art.

“Student Activities - American Indian,” EDSITEment!, https://edsitement.neh.gov/student-activities?keywords=American+Indian

EDSITEment offers free resources for teachers, students, and parents looking for high-quality K-12 humanities education materials. in the subject areas of history and social studies, literature and language arts, foreign languages, arts, and culture.