Wilms tumour, also called nephroblastoma, is a malignant tumour originating in the cells of the kidney. It is the most common type of renal cancer and accounts for about 6 percent of all childhood cancers. As with any cancer, prognosis and long-term survival can vary greatly from child to child, but most children with Wilms tumour can be cured of the disease.

The tumour usually affects a single kidney, but approximately 5-10 percent of children with Wilms tumour have both kidneys involved (1)

Wilms tumours on CT appear;

•  Usually large heterogeneous solid masses 

• Well circumscribed

• Calcification uncommon

• Can invade vascular structures such as the IVC/renal vein

• Slightly older age group: Peak at 3-4 years 

• Can be quite cystic. 

• Mets to lungs, liver and lymph nodes can be common

 (2)

Neuroblastomas are tumours of neuroblastic origin. Although they may occur anywhere along the sympathetic chain, the vast majority arise from the adrenal gland.

They represent the most common extracranial solid childhood malignancy and are the third commonest childhood tumour after leukaemia and brain malignancies. They account for ~15% of childhood cancer deaths.

Neuroblastomas on CT appear;

• • Poorly marginated mass

• Calcification very common

• Encases vascular structures but does not invade them

• Younger age group (<2 years of age)

• Can extend across midline, into chest and spinal canal

• Mets to bones are most common

(3)