Measuring Instruments for Flue Gas and Emissions
Ideal operating range of burners
Visserie boulonnerie et fixation , Vis à tête hexagonale , Vis à six pans creux,Rondelles plates,Rondelles ressort,Goupilles de positionnement cylindrique,Goupilles élastiques,Anneau de levage,Circlips extérieur et intérieur,Ecrous hexagonaux,Ecrous à souder
The purpose of flue gas analysis is to ensure environmentally friendly and economic operation
of burners.
These formulae and tables can be used to understand
flue gas analysis. They are all stored in Testo’s
flue gas analysers. All of the calculations are carried out automatically.
Flue gas loss is also a calculated variable for which there are two different formulae available, depending on fuel. The difference between flue gas
temperature (FT) and ambient temperature (AT) play a decisive role in both calculations. The flue gas
temperature is measured in the hot spot
of the flue gas where the temperature is
highest. The ambient temperature is measured at the intake opening of the burner or in the supply pipe of systems independent of ambient air.
In order to achieve full combustion, it is necessary to supply the burner with more air than is theoretically necessary. The ratio of this air to the theoretical air requirement is known as excess air.
The following goals apply when
measuring industrial flue gases:
Emissions monitoring
– Adherence to legally specified limits
(e. g. TA Luft)
– Meeting ISO 14000 requirements
– Important parameters: NOX (NO +
NO2), SO2, CO, H2S, O2 and in some
cases CO2
Adjustment and optimisation of systems
This refers to adherence to emission limits. Otherwise the aim is to reduce operation costs by saving energy.
Important parameters: O2, CO, CO2, excess air and efficiency.
Process monitoring in the manufacturing industries
Monitoring combustion processes for
quality assurance purposes, ISO 9000 requirements, reduction of non-spec products, reduction of costs by saving energy and minimising down periods.