QUARTER 1
LESSON 4
Embedded Files
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Learn about parallel structure.
Fix incorrect sentences.
DISCUSSION
DISCUSSION
PARALLEL STRUCTURE
What is parallel structure?
Parallelism, also known as parallel structures, can add fluidity and power to your writing. This involves presenting your thoughts in an orderly manner so that your reader can easily follow your thoughts.
Parallel structure means using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. This can happen at the word, phrase, or clause level. The usual way to join parallel structures is with the use of coordinating conjunctions such as "and" or "or."
Parallelism means using the same pattern of words to show that two or more elements in the sentence have the same level of importance. A good writer uses parallelism to create clear and concise sentences, and also to reduce the work that the reader must do to understand the author's meaning.
Fix the Senctence!
Father drove to the store, buys a bottle of milk, picked up the paper, and cashed a check.
Father drove to the store, buys a bottle of milk, picked up the paper, and cashed a check.
Father drove to the store, bought a bottle of milk, picked up the paper, and cashed a check.
She is mother, a good doctor and famous painter.
She is mother, a good doctor and famous painter.
She is a caring mother, a good doctor and a famous painter.
The ants were carrying leaves and the termites are digging holes.
The ants were carrying leaves and the termites are digging holes.
The ants were carrying leaves and the termites were digging holes.
In my dream I was strolling across the meadow and enjoyed the puffy white clouds.
In my dream I was strolling across the meadow and enjoyed the puffy white clouds.
In my dream I was strolling around the meadow and enjoying the puffy white clouds.
He saw either a herd of cattle or dogs.
He saw either a herd of cattle or dogs.
He saw either a herd of cattle or a pack of dogs.
Fred laughed when he saw a baby elephant holding onto its mother’s tail and runs along behind her.
Fred laughed when he saw a baby elephant holding onto its mother’s tail and runs along behind her.
Fred laughed when he saw a baby elephant holding onto its mother's tail and running along behind her.
Words and Phrases
With the -ing form of words:
Parallel:
Mary likes hiking, swimming, and bicycling.
With infinitive phrases:
Parallel:
Mary likes to hike, to swim, and to ride a bicycle.
OR
Mary likes to hike, swim, and ride a bicycle.
Note: You can use "to" before all the verbs in a sentence or only before the first one.
Do Not Mix Forms
Not Parallel:
Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle.
Parallel:
Mary likes hiking, swimming, and riding a bicycle.
Not Parallel:
The production manager was asked to write his report quickly, accurately, and in a detailed manner.
Parallel:
The production manager was asked to write his report quickly, accurately, and thoroughly.
Not Parallel:
The teacher said that he was a poor student because he waited until the last minute to study for the exam, completed his lab problems in a careless manner, and his motivation was low.
Parallel:
The teacher said that he was a poor student because he waited until the last minute to study for the exam, completed his lab problems in a careless manner, and lacked motivation.
The cow stops near a flowering plant and started to bite on its delicate petals.
The cow stops near a flowering plant and started to bite on its delicate petals.
The cow stopped near a flowering plant and started to bite on its petals.
I admire people with strong convictions and who think for themselves.
I admire people with strong convictions and who think for themselves.
I admire people who have strong convictions and who think for themselves.
Not Parallel:
The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, that they should not eat too much, and to do some warm-up exercises before the game.
Parallel:
The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, that they should not eat too much, and that they should do some warm-up exercises before the game.
— or —
Parallel:
The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, not eat too much, and do some warm-up exercises before the game.
He either likes you or loved you.
He either likes you or loved you.
He either likes you or he loves you.
Not Parallel:
The salesman expected that he would present his product at the meeting, that he would have time to show his slide presentation, and that questions would be asked by prospective buyers. (from active to passive)
Parallel:
The salesman expected that he would present his product at the meeting, that he would have time to show his slide presentation, and that prospective buyers would ask him questions. (stays active)
Some people would rather give orders than taking them.
Some people would rather give orders than taking them.
Some people would rather give orders than take them.
His writing reveals not only intelligence but also it is humorous.
His writing reveals not only intelligence but also it is humorous.
His writing reveals not only intelligence but also humor.
LISTS AFTER A COLON
Be sure to keep all the elements in a list in the same form.
Not Parallel:
The dictionary can be used to find these: word meanings, pronunciations, correct spellings, and looking up irregular verbs.
Parallel:
The dictionary can be used to find these: word meanings, pronunciations, correct spellings, and irregular verbs.
Marvin was happy to win the tournament and he also felt surprised.
Marvin was happy to win the tournament and he also felt surprised.
Marvin was happy to win the tournament and he was surprised.
PROOFREADING STRATEGIES TO TRY:
Skim your paper, pausing at the words "and" and "or." Check on each side of these words to see whether the items joined are parallel. If not, make them parallel.
If you have several items in a list, put them in a column to see if they are parallel.
Listen to the sound of the items in a list or the items being compared. Do you hear the same kinds of sounds? For example, is there a series of "-ing" words beginning each item? Or do you hear a rhythm being repeated? If something is breaking that rhythm or repetition of sound, check to see if it needs to be made parallel.
ASSESSMENT
ASSESSMENT
Google Classroom - no assignment
Class Code: g7n6szv
Page updated
Google Sites
Report abuse