QUARTER 1
LESSON 11
Grammar Buff
Part 2
GREAT and SMALL, ADVERBIAL PHRASES, & DEGREES OF ADVERBS
QUARTER 1
LESSON 11
Part 2
GREAT and SMALL, ADVERBIAL PHRASES, & DEGREES OF ADVERBS
Buff up your grammar.
Practice practice practice.
GREAT IN NUMBER, small IN NUMBER
MANY, MUCH, A LOT OF, PLENTY OF
many – always with countable nouns
We have to read many books.
Do they have many trees there?
much – always with uncountable nouns
There is not much work to do.
She doesn’t have much money.
a lot of / lots of – can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns
The teacher gave us lots of homework.
He ate a lot of pies yesterday.
plenty of – can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns
We have plenty of games here.
The sea has plenty of water.
NOTE:
Many and much are mostly used in negative sentences and questions.
I don’t have much free time.
Do you have many friends?
FEW, LITTLE, A FEW, A LITTLE, FEWER, LESS, MORE
few – always with countable nouns
Few people in Poland are interested in baseball.
There are few people who are as intelligent as she is.
little – always with uncountable nouns
I had little money when I was a student.
We will have little time to get there.
a few – always with countable nouns
Just a few students are studying math this semester.
There are a few seats left on the train.
a little – always with uncountable nouns
There is still a little water if you want to have a glass.
Do you have a little time.
fewer – always with countable nouns
Fewer people are travelling to our town this year.
There are fewer cars on the road because petrol is expensive.
less – always with uncountable nouns
He has less money to spend since he lost his job.
You need to spend less time talking to your friends on the phone and more time studying.
more – can be used for both countable and uncountable nouns
There are more good restaurants in Paris than in London.
I would visit her if I had more time.
ADVERBIAL PHRASES
Remember that adverbs change the meaning of verbs in sentences.
An adverbial phrase gives us information about the verb such as when, where, how often and how something happens.
An adverbial phrase is one or more words that aids the verb in a sentence.
There are 4 main types of adverbial phrases:
time (when), place (where), frequency (how often) and manner (how).
TYPE ADVERBIAL PHRASE EXAMPLES
TIME last week I worked very hard last week.
later this week Later this week, the Queen will visit.
until recently Until recently, I had a good reputation.
suddenly Suddenly, the cat dashed up the tree.
PLACE right over there She lives right over there.
here I live here.
over there He sleeps over there by the fire.
on the spot It stands on the spot where the old building was.
at the back They sat at the back of the library.
FREQUENCY again and again It happens again and again.
often I stop here for a cup of coffee often.
usually She usually arrives on time.
almost always It almost always rains when the game starts.
never We never ate hotdogs again.
MANNER wildly The bees flew wildly.
quickly He quickly ate his breakfast.
loudly The thunder roared loudly.
wonderfully Your assignment was wonderfully done.
Yesterday (time/when), the bees flew wildly (manner/how) through the air (place/where), every 5 minutes (frequency/how often).
DEGREES of ADVERBS
Many adverbs can have three different forms: the positive, the comparative, and the superlative.
Positive Comparative Superlative
loudly more loudly most loudly
fast faster fastest
well better best
There are three ways in which the comparative and superlative of adverbs are formed, depending on the spelling of the base adverb:
1. Adverbs ending in -ly
Add the word more to make the comparative, and the word most to make the superlative:
Adverb Comparative Superlative
slowly ---> more slowly ---> most slowly
happily ---> more happily ---> most happily
2. Adverbs with the same form as an adjective
These form their comparatives and superlatives by adding the endings -er and -est. If the adverb ends in -y, then you change the y to an i before adding -er or -est; if the adverb has one syllable and ends in -e, then you just add the ending -r or -st:
The most common adverbs of this type are:
Adverb Comparative Superlative
early earlier earliest
fast faster fastest
hard harder hardest
high higher highest
late later latest
long longer longest
low lower lowest
near nearer nearest
soon sooner soonest
3. Irregular comparatives and superlatives
Some common adverbs have irregular comparatives and superlatives that you just have to learn. Most dictionaries will also give these spellings if you’re not sure:
Adverb Comparative Superlative
badly worse worst
well better best
little less least
much more most
far farther (or further) farthest (or furthest)
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