Closely related to Intrinsic Motivation, Integrated Regulation is the type of Extrinsic Motivation most likely to lead to positive outcomes, such as: 

• High effort and self-esteem

• Positive academic achievement

Identified Regulation is also linked to more self-determined motivation and therefore positive outcomes similar to that of Intrinsic Motivation.

• "perceived" enjoyment

• Some academic achievement 

Introjected Regulation has mixed outcomes:

• Effort and engagement, though only short-term

• Brief boosts in self-esteem, though more likely to lead to high anxiety 

External Regulation is most likely to have negative effects, such as: 

• No link to academic achievement

• Little to no engagement or effort

• More likely to lead to anxiety