Collaboration with Israeli Universities

Introduction

Israeli universities contribute to the illegal occupation of Palestine and the apartheid regime through partnerships with the military-industrial complex and military-funded research supporting operations in the oPt. The methods they use to support the occupation are multifaceted: including their physical presence [1] or involvement in projects [2] in the oPt in violation of international law [3,4]; active participation in the violence of the Israeli state by maintaining exceptionally close ties with the Israeli military-industrial complex [5–8]; conducting research [1] in areas of weapons development [1,9,10], surveillance, and cybersecurity [11–13], contributing to operational and technological support [14] for the continued occupation of Palestine; and offering programs to IDF personnel [15–17]. They also provide the Israeli state with moral and legal justifications by forming military doctrines [18] and codes of ethics [19] that are shaped specifically in order to cover for past, present, and future violations of international law. Additionally, they reinforce the apartheid regime with ideological narratives that support occupation and lay biased historical claims over contested land and legitimize sovereignty over occupied areas [1]. Israeli universities have consistently silenced critical voices, criminalized students and staff, and directly attacked academic freedom [20–26].

Co-authored Research output

DTU has authored 638 academic papers and 61 conference proceedings in collaboration with Israeli universities since 1975 [27]. Historically the extent of this collaboration has been somewhat limited; before 2010 the number of yearly co-publications rarely exceeded 12. However, starting in 2011 cooperation increased sharply, rising to around 50 co-published papers every year for the period from 2019 to 2023, as shown in Figure 1. The largest collaborations are with Tel Aviv University (120 co-publications), Technion (100 co-publications), Hebrew University (93 co-publications), the Weizmann Institute of Science (87 co-publications), Ben Gurion University of the Negev (60 co-publications), University of Haifa (33 co-publications), and Bar-Ilan University (27 co-publications). All of these institutions possess deep links with the Israeli military and intelligence agencies [1]. In this section we highlight specific research collaborations between DTU and Israeli universities which are relevant. We do not dispute that most of the examples contained herein have legitimate civilian uses, however some work also shows a high potential for applications in military or colonial contexts. Given the propensity for Israeli universities to collaborate with the security state, there is a large risk that research efforts that DTU has contributed to could find themselves being used in the service of occupation and dispossession. This is of course the same logic that has been used to justify ceasing collaborations between DTU and selected Iranian and Chinese universities [28].

The area of collaboration which deserves the most scrutiny concerns surveillance-related technologies, particularly the development of hardware such as cameras, photodetectors, and image processing algorithms. Massive camera and drone networks have been deployed by the Israeli state to surveil all aspects of Palestinian life [29,30] and protect illegal settlements [31,32] To support these networks, a wide array of facial recognition and artificial intelligence algorithms have been deployed [33–37]. Photonic materials generally and photodetectors specifically are critical components in cameras but are generally useful in a wide range of military applications including "smart" munitions [38] and communications systems [39]. DTU has published various papers with Hebrew University [40–45] (including one paper specifically aimed at outdoor imaging [41]) regarding the development of metalenses for imaging systems. Additionally, papers have been co-authored with Technion [46,47] and the Weizmann Institute of Science [48] on photodetector materials. Research on improving facial recognition algorithms has been published with Ben Gurion University [49–52] and for image processing algorithms with the University of Haifa [53–58] and Bar-Ilan University [59,60]. Another key shared research area between DTU and Israeli universities is in the development of novel or improved piezoelectric materials. While piezoelectrics have benign applications in objects such as smartphone cameras and microscope stages, they also can function as active components for explosive fuses or triggers, sonar systems, sensors for blast detection, and actuators for drones [61]. DTU has co-authored several publications on piezoelectric and electrostrictive materials with Tel Aviv University [62,63] and the Weizmann Institute of Science [64–67].

These two aforementioned sectors represent the most significant contributions that DTU has to technologies with direct impacts on the occupation. However, there are several minor but still relevant areas of collaboration we would also like to highlight. The first example is the development of waveguides, a key component in radar systems where DTU has published two papers on the topic with Hebrew University [68,69]. Autonomous [70–73] and electric vehicles [74–76] have been deployed at scale both in Gaza and the rest of the occupied territories both to surveil and to deliver lethal munitions. DTU researchers have co-authored papers about autonomous or electric vehicles with Technion [77] and Hebrew University [78]. DTU has also published two papers with Technion on gas extraction [79,80], which is relevant as Israel has recently announced plans to develop natural gas resources in the oPt [81,82]. Regarding aerospace, there is one paper co-authored with Tel Aviv University [83]. The final area of collaboration that we would like to call attention to is within the field of archaeology. Israel has long used archaeological claims in order to justify its expansion and occupation of territory. The Israeli military is responsible for administering archaeological sites in the occupied West Bank despite having no legal right to do so, but the names of the researchers working on these sites are never made public nor are the lists of artifacts which are confiscated [84–86]. DTU has collaborated extensively with archaeology departments in Israel, co-authoring papers with the Geological Survey of Israel [87–93], Tel Aviv University [94–98], the Weizmann Institute of Science [92], and Technion [99].

Figure 1: Number of yearly publications between DTU and an Israeli counterpart as of fall 2024 [27]

Institutional Collaborations

Apart from co-published papers which can occur between individual researchers, there have been many formal long-term projects between DTU and Israeli institutions. We were able to identify 53 institutional collaborations that DTU has been involved in with Israeli partners since 2008, 49 of which were projects funded by the European Commission. However, this list is likely incomplete as the majority of the data comes from the European Commission’s databases which only report projects funded by the EU from 2007 onwards. DTU’s internal tracking tool only lists 7 of these projects, of which 3 are included in the aforementioned European projects and 4 were directly created between the institutions. The data we present here is primarily derived from EU project databases dating back to 2007, potentially obscuring earlier projects or those funded through alternative schemata. Thus, the actual number of collaborations is likely higher than what we report here. For example, DTU and Technion are both members of the Eurotech Alliance, a program which fosters collaborations and personnel exchanges between partner universities [100] and yet we were unable to locate records of projects conducted under the Eurotech framework.

Technion currently holds the largest number of institutional collaborations between DTU and an Israeli counterpart. We were able to identify 19 research projects which included both universities, of which 16 were European projects [101–116] and 3 were directly created by the universities themselves [117–119]. The European projects were funded through three different mechanisms: the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), Horizon 2020, and Horizon Europe. The most concerning of these collaborations is titled "BIM2TWIN: Optimal Construction Management & Production Control", which was funded by the Horizon program and ran from November 2020 to April 2024 [112]. The project lists Technion and IntSite as collaborative partners. IntSite is an Israeli startup which automates construction and mining equipment and has a partnership with an Israeli construction company which has been sanctioned for its role in building illegal settlements and checkpoints. The potential for research in the construction sector to be used in the building of illegal settlements is why we would also like to bring attention to a second collaboration titled "AM2PM: Additive to Predictive Manufacturing for Multistorey Construction Using Learning by Printing and Networked Robotics" which started in October 2024 and is expected to run until September 2028 [115]. The project aims to use additive manufacturing and artificial intelligence to automate construction and reduce costs, technology which can easily be leveraged to quickly build settlements and outposts in occupied or disputed territories, as in the case of BIM2TWIN. Following the same theme, a third project in which both universities were involved was titled "RIBS: Resilient Infrastructure and Building Security" and ran from November 2010 until October of 2013. The study examined how to design security systems around buildings and critical infrastructure [102], knowledge which could also be used to secure buildings in occupied territory. A fourth collaboration is titled "Proactive Traffic Control Through AI and Big Data" [119] which aims to use predictive algorithms to control traffic flows. The project presents a high potential for dual-use as these algorithms and traffic management systems could be employed for military logistics, coordination of troop movements, or controlling the paths of autonomous vehicles. Mass surveillance has been a general trend in the application of AI systems and data analytics, reinforcing the need for oversight in research funding to ensure compliance with ethical standards. The last active collaboration we would like to highlight is titled "Sustainable Extraction of Bioactive Insect Fractions as Techno-functional Ingredients for Food Applications" [118]. While no funding source could be located for this project, it is organized by the Danish National Food Institute. PhD positions in this project involve an external stay at Technion.

Apart from Technion, DTU has been involved with 5 projects with Ben-Gurion University [120–124], 9 with Hebrew University [125–133], 11 with Tel Aviv University [128–131,134–140], 14 with the Weizmann Institute [127–131,141–149], 3 with Bar-Ilan University [110,140,150], 1 each with the Israeli Oceanographic and Limnological Research Institute [151], Israeli Veterinary Services and Animal Health [152], and the Israeli Ministry of Health [153]. While we did not identify a potential for dual-use in these projects, they still serve to legitimize institutions which are actively involved in the occupation.

Demands

DTU’s current partnerships include Israeli universities and companies that have supported the Israeli apartheid regime, the unlawful occupation and settler violence in the oPt. Guided by a commitment to human rights and international law, DTU should:

Conduct an investigation and legal review of existing collaborations covering: research and other activities with ties to current violations of international law and war crimes as well as active participation in the occupation and annexation of Palestinian territories and DTU’s possible contributions to the violations
Begin the termination/suspension of existing partnerships with such entities
Develop robust procedures for vetting future partners (particularly those with military-civil fusion practices)
Publish detailed annual reports on industry and institutional collaborations
Establish a due diligence committee tasked with reviewing partnerships for ethical and legal risks (particularly for dual-use technologies)
Commit to a policy of non-engagement with companies and institutions contributing to the occupation or apartheid
Share information about problematic industry/academic partners across institutions, fostering collective accountability

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[101] Community Research and Development Information Service. Governing the speed of light. 2008. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/219299

[102] Community Research and Development Information Service. Resilient Infrastructure and Building Security. 2010. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/242497

[103] Community Research and Development Information Service. Theoretical Analysis, Design and Virtual Testing of Biocompatibility and Mechanical Properties of Titanium based Nanomaterials. 2011. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/295322

[104] Community Research and Development Information Service. Graphene-Based Revolutions in ICT And Beyond. 2013. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/604391

[105] Community Research and Development Information Service. Generally Accepted Reliability Principle with Uncertainty Modelling and Through Probabilistic Risk Assessment. 2013. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/608540

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[107] Community Research and Development Information Service. Graphene-based Disruptive Technologies. 2016. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/696656

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[111] Community Research and Development Information Service. Graphene Flagship Core Project 3. 2020. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/881603

[112] Community Research and Development Information Service. BIM2TWIN: Optimal Construction Management & Production Control. 2020. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/958398

[113] Community Research and Development Information Service. Graphene Flagship 2D Experimental Pilot Line. 2020. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/952792

[114] Community Research and Development Information Service. Trust-ML: An Optimization based Platform for Building Trust in Machine Learning Models Used for Power Systems. 2022. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101066991

[115] Community Research and Development Information Service. Additive to Predictive Manufacturing for Multistorey Construction Using Learning by Printing and Networked Robotics. 2024. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101162318

[116] Community Research and Development Information Service. Value-aligned Sociotechnical Systems Using Large-language Models (LLMs). 2024. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101169473

[117] DTU Orbit. Developing Teacher-Coordinators’ Professional Identity as Leaders, Through Participation in a Virtual Learning Community. 2020. url: https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/projects/developing-teacher-coordinators-professional-identityas-leaders-

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[119] DTU Orbit. Proactive traffic control through AI and Big Data. 2023. url: https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/projects/proactive-traffic-control-through-ai-andbig-data

[120] Community Research and Development Information Service. Physics of Microbial Motility. 2021. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/955910

[121] Community Research and Development Information Service. Distributed Infrastructure for EXPErimentation in Ecosystem Research. 2010. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/262060

[122] Community Research and Development Information Service. Infrastructure for Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems. 2012. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/312690

[123] Community Research and Development Information Service. Large-area Organic and Hybrid Solar Cells. 2010. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/261936

[124] Community Research and Development Information Service. Taking Nanotechnological Remediation Processes from Lab Scale to End User Applications for the Restoration of a Clean Environment. 2013. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/309517

[125] Community Research and Development Information Service. Innovative advanced Wood-based Composite Materials and Components. 2009. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/210037

[126] Community Research and Development Information Service. Targeted disease prophylaxis in European fish farming. 2012. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/311993.

[127] Community Research and Development Information Service. Fast-track ELIXIR implementation and drive early user exploitation across the life-sciences. 2015. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/676559

[128] Community Research and Development Information Service. Human Brain Project Specific Grant Agreement 1. 2016. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/720270

[129] Community Research and Development Information Service. Human Brain Project Specific Grant Agreement 2. 2018. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/785907

[130] Community Research and Development Information Service. Human Brain Project Specific Grant Agreement 3. 2020. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/945539

[131] Community Research and Development Information Service. Interactive Computing E-Infrastructure for the Human Brain Project. 2018. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/800858

[132] Community Research and Development Information Service. Building knowledge and tools for the sustainable microbial fighting through sensing and responsive polysaccharide based materials. 2024. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101131205

[133] Community Research and Development Information Service. Multicore fiber Applications and Technologies. 2025. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101169370

[134] Community Research and Development Information Service. Exploring Cellular Dynamics at Nanoscale. 2008. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/214706

[135] Community Research and Development Information Service. European High-performance Infrastructures in Turbulence. 2013. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/312778

[136] Community Research and Development Information Service. Design of novel high performance catalysts and biosensors based on deposited mass-selected clusters assisted by computational theoretical screening. 2014. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/607417

[137] Community Research and Development Information Service. EuroGEO Showcases: Applications Powered by Europe. 2019. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/820852

[138] Community Research and Development Information Service. Wind farm - grid interactions: exploration and development. 2019. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/861398

[139] Community Research and Development Information Service. Advancing understanding of Cumulative Impacts on European marine biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services for human wellbeing. 2023. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101060072

[140] Community Research and Development Information Service. Scientific training Programme for Advanced Research and Knowledge in Light-Matter Engineering. 2024. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101169225

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[142] Community Research and Development Information Service. Functional anatomical molecular optical screening. 2012. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/317744

[143] Community Research and Development Information Service. EUROPOL. 2015. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/642773

[144] Community Research and Development Information Service. Bio-compatible electrostrictive smart materials for future generation of medical micro-electro- mechanical systems. 2018. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/801267

[145] Community Research and Development Information Service. Connect and align ELIXIR Nodes to deliver sustainable FAIR life-science data management services. 2020. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/871075

[146] Community Research and Development Information Service. Ensuring long-term sustainability of excellence in chemical biology within Europe and beyond. 2018. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/823893

[147] Community Research and Development Information Service. Revolutionary Platform to Decipher Immunogenicity of Tumour Neoantigens- the Ultimate Targets for Future Immunotherapies to Eradicate Cancer. 2021. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/964998

[148] Community Research and Development Information Service. Integrated Services for Infectious Disease Outbreak Research. 2022. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101046133

[149] Community Research and Development Information Service. Micro-mechanical Pump for Next Generation Insulin Delivery Systems. 2022. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101057436

[150] Community Research and Development Information Service. Industrial Urban symbiosis and its social, economic and environmental impact on different European regions. 2022. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101058426

[151] Community Research and Development Information Service. Climate Change and Future Marine Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity. 2020. url: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/869300

[152] DTU Orbit. Strengthening capacity on aquatic animal health and epidemiological surveillance. 2022. url: https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/projects/strengtheningcapacity-on-aquatic-animal-health-and-epidemiologic

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