Scratch is a block-based visual programming language and website targeted primarily at children. Users of the site can create online projects using a block-like interface. Scratch can be used from very young ages, to engage children with programming activities and introduce them to algorithmic thinking. Scratch can be a valuable tool to make connections between maths and programming in primary and secondary education.
Python is a text programming language that can be used in several programming environments as repl.it, Thonny, Spider. Repl.it is a simple and free environment online. Thonny and Spider can also display graphs but you must install it to your computer or Ipad. Python is suitable for children (from age 12) and adults. Python is easy to learn, clear to read, and simple to write in.
C++ is a programming language created by Bjarne Stroustrup and his team at Bell Laboratories in 1979. It was derived from the C language; Bjarne’s goal was to add object-oriented programming into language.
Main characteristics: there is no automatic memory management like in Java; you have to choose between how memory is allocated (i.e. stack or heap); there is no interpreter in C++ to stop you from writing buggy code.